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The upper tail problem in a random graph asks to estimate the probability that the number of copies of some fixed subgraph in an Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi random graph exceeds its expectation by some constant factor. There has been much exciting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Yang P. Liu , Yufei Zhao

The upper tail problem in the Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi random graph $G\sim\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ asks to estimate the probability that the number of copies of a graph $H$ in $G$ exceeds its expectation by a factor $1+\delta$. Chatterjee and Dembo…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya , Shirshendu Ganguly , Eyal Lubetzky , Yufei Zhao

The upper tail problem in a sparse Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph asks for the probability that the number of copies of some fixed subgraph exceeds its expected value by a constant factor. We study the analogous problem for oriented subgraphs in…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-06 Jiyun Park

Consider the upper tail probability that the homomorphism count of a fixed graph $H$ within a large sparse random graph $G_n$ exceeds its expected value by a fixed factor $1+\delta$. Going beyond the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi model, we establish…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-01 Sohom Bhattacharya , Amir Dembo

We consider the upper tail large deviations of subgraph counts for irregular graphs $\mathrm{H}$ in $\mathbb{G}(n,p)$, the sparse Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph on $n$ vertices with edge connectivity probability $p \in (0,1)$. For $n^{-1/\Delta}…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Anirban Basak , Shaibal Karmakar

For a $\Delta$-regular connected graph ${\sf H}$ the problem of determining the upper tail large deviation for the number of copies of ${\sf H}$ in $\mathbb{G}(n,p)$, an Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph on $n$ vertices with edge probability $p$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-08 Anirban Basak , Riddhipratim Basu

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating the joint upper and lower tail large deviations of the edge eigenvalues of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$, in the regime of $p$ where the edge of the spectrum is no…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya , Sohom Bhattacharya , Shirshendu Ganguly

Given a sequence of $s$-uniform hypergraphs $\{H_n\}_{n \geq 1}$, denote by $T_p(H_n)$ the number of edges in the random induced hypergraph obtained by including every vertex in $H_n$ independently with probability $p \in (0, 1)$. Recent…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Somabha Mukherjee , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

What is the probability that the number of triangles in $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$, the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph with edge density $p$, is at least twice its mean? Writing it as $\exp[- r(n,p)]$, already the order of the rate function…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-12 Eyal Lubetzky , Yufei Zhao

The upper tail problem for the largest eigenvalue of the Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi random graph $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ is to estimate the probability that the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $\mathcal{G}_{n,p}$ exceeds its typical value…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya , Shirshendu Ganguly

The "infamous upper tail problem" for $r$-uniform hypergraphs is to estimate the probability that the number of copies of a fixed hypergraph $H$ in a large binomial $r$-uniform hypergraph $\boldsymbol{G}$ exceeds its expectation by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Nicholas A. Cook , Nguyen Nguyen

For any fixed simple graph $H=(V,E)$ and any fixed $u>0$, we establish the leading order of the exponential rate function for the probability that the number of copies of $H$ in the Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi graph $G(n,p)$ exceeds its expectation…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Nicholas A. Cook , Amir Dembo

Given a fixed graph H, what is the (exponentially small) probability that the number X_H of copies of H in the binomial random graph G_{n,p} is at least twice its mean? Studied intensively since the mid 1990s, this so-called infamous upper…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-09 Matas Šileikis , Lutz Warnke

What is the probability that a sparse $n$-vertex random $d$-regular graph $G_n^d$, $n^{1-c}<d=o(n)$ contains many more copies of a fixed graph $K$ than expected? We determine the behavior of this upper tail to within a logarithmic gap in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Benjamin Gunby

Let $N_{\triangle}(G)$ be the number of triangles in a graph $G$. In [14] and [25] (respectively) the following bounds were proved on the lower tail behaviour of triangle counts in the dense Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs $G_m\sim G(n,m)$:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-03 José Alvarado , Gabriel Dias , Simon Griffiths

Starting with the large deviation principle (LDP) for the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi binomial random graph $\mathcal{G}(n,p)$ (edge indicators are i.i.d.), due to Chatterjee and Varadhan (2011), we derive the LDP for the uniform random graph…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Amir Dembo , Eyal Lubetzky

The well-known "Janson's inequality" gives Poisson-like upper bounds for the lower tail probability \Pr(X \le (1-\eps)\E X) when X is the sum of dependent indicator random variables of a special form. We show that, for large deviations,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Svante Janson , Lutz Warnke

We consider an Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph $\mathbb{G}(n,p)$ on $n$ vertices with edge probability $p$ such that \[ \sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log \log n}} \ll np \le n^{1/2-o(1)}, \label{eq:abs} \tag{$\dagger$} \] and derive the upper tail large…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Anirban Basak

In this paper, we study lower tail probabilities of the height function $\mathfrak{h}(M,N)$ of the stochastic six-vertex model. We introduce a novel combinatorial approach to demonstrate that the tail probabilities…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Sayan Das , Yuchen Liao , Matteo Mucciconi

Suppose that $X$ is a bounded-degree polynomial with nonnegative coefficients on the $p$-biased discrete hypercube. Our main result gives sharp estimates on the logarithmic upper tail probability of $X$ whenever an associated extremal…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Matan Harel , Frank Mousset , Wojciech Samotij
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