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For any $s \in \mathbb{C}$ with $\Re(s)>0$, denote by $\eta_{n-1}(s)$ the $(n-1)^{th}$ partial sum of the Dirichlet series for the eta function $\eta(s)=1-2^{-s}+3^{-s}-\cdots \;$, and by $R_n(s)$ the corresponding remainder. Denoting by…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Luca Ghislanzoni

We study generalizations of some results of Jean-Louis Nicolas regarding the relation between small values of Euler's function $\varphi(n)$ and the Riemann Hypothesis. Among other things, we prove that for $1\leq q\leq 10$ and for $q=12,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Amir Akbary , Forrest J. Francis

A scaling and renormalization approach to the Riemann zeta function, $\zeta$, evaluated at $-1$ is presented in two ways. In the first, one takes the difference between $U_{n}:=\sum_{q=1}^{n}q$ and $4U_{\left\lfloor \frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-19 Gunduz Caginalp

A representation of SL(2,Z) by integer matrices acting on the space of analytic ordinary Dirichlet series is constructed, in which the standard unipotent element acts as multiplication by the Riemann zeta function. It is then shown that the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-30 Peter Sin , John G. Thompson

The Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ is defined as the infinite sum $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-s}$, which converges when ${\rm Re}\,s>1$. The Riemann hypothesis asserts that the nontrivial zeros of $\zeta(s)$ lie on the line ${\rm Re}\,s=…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Dorje C Brody , Carl M. Bender

We develop a unified analytical and dynamical framework for the qualitative study of the one-parameter family of generalized Dirichlet eta functions $\eta_{a}(t)=\sum_{m\ge0}(-1)^{m}(am+1)^{-t}$, $a>0$, $t>0$, which includes the classical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Dragos-Patru Covei

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, we show that for $k>0$ $$ \frac{1}{T}\text{meas}\Big\{t\in [T,2T]:|\zeta(1/2+{\rm i} t)|>(\log T)^k\Big\}\leq C_k \frac{(\log T)^{-k^2}}{\sqrt{\log\log T}}, $$ where $C_k=\exp(e^{ck})$ for some absolute…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Louis-Pierre Arguin , Emma Bailey , Asher Roberts

The Robin criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^\gamma n \log \log n$ for all $n>5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum of divisors of $n$, and $\gamma$ is the Euler--Mascheroni constant.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Steve Fan , Mits Kobayashi , Grant Molnar

We investigate the extreme values of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$. On the 1-line, we obtain a lower bound evaluation $$\max_{t\in[1,T]}|\zeta(1+\i t)|\ge {\rm e}^\gamma(\log_2T+\log_3T+c),$$ with an effective constant $c$ which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Zikang Dong , Bin Wei

This paper has two parts. The first part surveys Euler's work on the constant gamma=0.57721... bearing his name, together with some of his related work on the gamma function, values of the zeta function and divergent series. The second part…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-28 Jeffrey C. Lagarias

Let $\mathop{\mathcal R}(s)$ be the function related to $\zeta(s)$ found by Siegel in the papers of Riemann. In this paper we obtain the main terms of the mean values \[\frac{1}{T}\int_0^T |\mathop{\mathcal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Juan Arias de Reyna

We improve the estimation of the distribution of the nontrivial zeros of Riemann zeta function $\zeta(\sigma+it)$ for sufficiently large $t$, which is based on an exact calculation of some special logarithmic integrals of nonvanishing…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Jianyun Zhang

We prove an inequality featuring three well-known functions from analysis, namely the cotangent, the Euler-Riemann zeta function, and the digamma function. Aside from a simple proof of our result, we give a conjectured strengthening. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Michael Andrew Henry

In this paper, we apply the Dirichlet convolution method to \begin{equation*} T_{k}(x)=\sum_{n \leq x} d_{k}(n), \end{equation*} for $k\ge 3$, where $d_{k}(n)$ is the number of ways to represent $n$ as a product of $k$ positive integer…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Sebastian Tudzi

The Riemann Hypothesis has been of central interest to mathematicians for a long time and many unsuccessful attempts have been made to either prove or disprove it. Since the Riemann zeta function is defined as a sum of the infinite number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev

In this article, we improve the recent work of Hasanalizade, Shen, and Wong by establishing \[ \left| N (T) - \frac{T}{ 2 \pi} \log \left( \frac{T}{2\pi e}\right) \right|\le 0.10076\log T+0.24460\log\log T+8.08344, \] for every $T\ge e$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Chiara Bellotti , Peng-Jie Wong

We compute the average of a product of two shifted squares of the Riemann zeta on the critical line with shifts up to size $T^{3/2-\varepsilon}$. We give an explicit expression for such an average and derive an approximate spectral…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Valeriya Kovaleva

By employing the assessment of the asymptotic size of various sums of G\'{a}l studied by La Bret\`eche and Tenenbaum, we provide an improvement on the recent result of A. Bondarenko, P. Darbar, M. V. Hagen, W. Heap, and K. Seip regarding…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Patrick Nyadjo Fonga

Hardy and Littlewood initiated the study of the $2k$-th moments of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. In 1918 Hardy and Littlewood established an asymptotic formula for the second moment and in 1926 Ingham established an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Nathan Ng

Cotangent sums are associated to the zeros of the Estermann zeta function. They have also proven to be of importance in the Nyman-Beurling criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis. The main result of the paper is the proof of the existence of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-09 Helmut Maier , Michael Th. Rassias