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We study a quantum theory with complex time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure. In this theory, the real part of the complex time is equal to `usual' physical time, whereas the imaginary one is proportional to inverse…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Vadim V. Asadov , Oleg V. Kechkin

Examples are given of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian operators which have a real spectrum. Some of the investigated operators are expressed in terms of the generators of the Weil-Heisenberg algebra. It is argued that the existence of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 João da Providência , Natália Bebiano , João Pinheiro da Providência

We present the problem of approximating the time-evolution operator $e^{-i\hat{H}t}$ to error $\epsilon$, where the Hamiltonian $\hat{H}=(\langle G|\otimes\hat{\mathcal{I}})\hat{U}(|G\rangle\otimes\hat{\mathcal{I}})$ is the projection of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Guang Hao Low , Isaac L. Chuang

Describing systems with non-Hermitian (NH) operators remains a challenge in quantum theory due to instabilities (e.g., exceptional points and decoherence) arising from interactions with the environment. We propose a framework to express the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Priyanshi Bhasin , Tanmoy Das

A phenomenological Hamiltonian of a closed (i.e., unitary) quantum system is assumed to have an $N$ by $N$ real-matrix form composed of a unperturbed diagonal-matrix part $H^{(N)}_0$ and of a tridiagonal-matrix perturbation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Miloslav Znojil

A consistent physical theory of quantum mechanics can be built on a complex Hamiltonian that is not Hermitian but instead satisfies the physical condition of space-time reflection symmetry (PT symmetry). Thus, there are infinitely many new…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Hugh F. Jones

It is well known that the unitary evolution of a closed $M-$level quantum system can be generated by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $H$ with real spectrum. Its Hermiticity can be restored via an amended inner-product metric $\Theta$. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Miloslav Znojil

PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics in which the mathematical axiom of Hermiticity (transpose and complex conjugate) is replaced by the physically transparent condition of space-time reflection…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Huai-Xin Cao , Zhi-Hua Guo , Zheng-Li Chen

A Hamiltonian operator $\hat H$ is constructed with the property that if the eigenfunctions obey a suitable boundary condition, then the associated eigenvalues correspond to the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-04 Carl M. Bender , Dorje C. Brody , Markus P. Müller

In this paper, the ladder operators and a quantum-like approach are used to construct an operatorial version of a model dubbed crimo-taxis. In a classical framework, the crimo-taxis model is represented by reaction-diffusion partial…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-06 M. Gorgone , G. Inferrera , C. F. Munafo'

It is shown, that quantum theory with complex evolutionary time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure can be used for natural unification of quantum and thermodynamic principles. The theory is postulated as analytical in respect…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Vadim V. Asadov , Oleg V. Kechkin

For a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H possessing a real spectrum, we introduce a canonical orthonormal basis in which a previously introduced unitary mapping of H to a Hermitian Hamiltonian h takes a simple form. We use this basis to construct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Ali Mostafazadeh , Ahmet Batal

A defining quantity of a physical system is its energy which is represented by the Hamiltonian. In closed quantum mechanical or/and coherent wave-based systems the Hamiltonian is introduced as a Hermitian operator which ensures real energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Jamal Berakdar , Xi-guang Wang

This paper builds on our earlier proposal for construction of a positive inner product for pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians and we give several examples to clarify our method. We show through the example of the harmonic oscillator how our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-07 Ashok Das , L. Greenwood

The quantization of higher order time derivative theories including interactions is unclear. In this paper in order to solve this problem, we propose to consider a complex version of the higher order derivative theory and map this theory to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-12 Carlos A. Margalli , J. David Vergara

Unitarity is a cornerstone of quantum theory, ensuring the conservation of probability and information. Although non-Hermitian Hamiltonians are typically associated with open or dissipative systems, pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics shows…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-03 Ruifeng Leng , Cheng-Yang Lee , Siyi Zhou

In quantum mechanics the time operator $\Theta$ satisfies the commutation relation $[\Theta,H]=i$, and thus it may be thought of as being canonically conjugate to the Hamiltonian $H$. The time operator associated with a given Hamiltonian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Carl M. Bender , M. Gianfreda

Hamiltonian Mechanics works for conserved systems and Quantum Mechanics is given in Hamiltonian language. It is considered that complexifying the quantum Hamiltonian, a balanced loss and gain model can be created. The usual mathematics of…

General Physics · Physics 2015-12-03 Chetan Waghela

We present a systematic perturbative construction of the most general metric operator (and positive-definite inner product) for quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonians of the standard form, H= p^2/2 + v(x), in one dimension. We show that this problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ali Mostafazadeh

It is shown that, in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, any conserved Hermitian operator (which may depend explicitly on the time) is the generator of a one-parameter group of unitary symmetries of the Hamiltonian and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-19 G. F. Torres del Castillo , J. E. Herrera Flores