Related papers: Parikh Matrices and Strong M-Equivalence
Strong equivalence between knowledge bases ensures the possibility of replacing one with the other without affecting reasoning outcomes, in any given context. This makes it a crucial property in nonmonotonic formalisms. In particular, the…
Despite large language models' (LLMs) recent advancements, their bias and hallucination issues persist, and their ability to offer consistent preferential rankings remains underexplored. This study investigates the capacity of LLMs to…
We define a Carmichael number of order m to be a composite integer n such that nth-power raising defines an endomorphism of every Z/nZ-algebra that can be generated as a Z/nZ-module by m elements. We give a simple criterion to determine…
It is shown that for finding rational approximates to m'th root of any integer to any accuracy one only needs the ability to count and to distinguish between m different classes of objects. To every integer N can be associated a…
We introduce a definition of strong hyperbolicity for second order partial differential equations using second order pencils. We show that this definition is equivalent to the standard one, derived by reducing the equations to first order…
Efficiency, the basic concept of multi-objective optimization is investigated for the class of pairwise comparison matrices. A weight vector is called efficient if no alternative weight vector exists such that every pairwise ratio of the…
We investigate a subclass of languages recognized by vector addition systems, namely languages of nondeterministic Parikh automata. While the regularity problem (is the language of a given automaton regular?) is undecidable for this model,…
In this paper we introduce and investigate a one-parameter family of polynomials. They are semisymmetric, i.e. symmetric in the variables with odd and even index separately. In fact, the family forms a basis of the space of semisymmetric…
Consider a function f which is defined on the integers from 1 to N and takes the values -1 and +1. The parity of f is the product over all x from 1 to N of f(x). With no further information about f, to classically determine the parity of f…
Analogical proportions compare pairs of items (a, b) and (c, d) in terms of their differences and similarities. They play a key role in the formalization of analogical inference. The paper first discusses how to improve analogical inference…
A subspace of matrices over $\mathbb{F}_{q^e}^{m\times n}$ can be naturally embedded as a subspace of matrices in $\mathbb{F}_q^{em\times en}$ with the property that the rank of any of its matrix is a multiple of $e$. It is quite natural to…
Let M be a p-by-q matrix with nonnegative entries. The positive semidefinite rank (psd rank) of M is the smallest integer k for which there exist positive semidefinite matrices $A_i, B_j$ of size $k \times k$ such that $M_{ij} =…
Large language models (LLMs) are becoming useful in many domains due to their impressive abilities that arise from large training datasets and large model sizes. More recently, they have been shown to be very effective in textual…
The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. A word (pattern) over a finite set is said to be unavoidable if, for all but finitely many words, there exists a morphism mapping…
In many-to-many matching models, substitutable preferences constitute the largest domain for which a pairwise stable matching is guaranteed to exist. In this note, we extend the recently proposed algorithm of Hatfield et al. [3] to test…
The parameterized model-checking problem for a class of first-order sentences (queries) asks to decide whether a given sentence from the class holds true in a given relational structure (database); the parameter is the length of the…
The equivalence test is a main part in any classification problem. It helps to prove bounds for the main parameters of the considered combinatorial structures and to study their properties. In this paper, we present algorithms for…
This paper explores the space of (propositional) probabilistic logical languages, ranging from a purely `qualitative' comparative language to a highly `quantitative' language involving arbitrary polynomials over probability terms. While…
In a \emph{separability problem}, we are given two sets $K$ and $L$ from a class $\mathcal{C}$, and we want to decide whether there exists a set $S$ from a class $\mathcal{S}$ such that $K\subseteq S$ and $S\cap L=\emptyset$. In this case,…
We introduce a new symbolic representation based on an original generalization of counter abstraction. Unlike classical counter abstraction (used in the analysis of parameterized systems with unordered or unstructured topologies) the new…