Related papers: Material Properties at Low Temperature
An elementary understanding of the relevant length, mass and energy scales at the molecular level can be used to explain the order of magnitude of material properties such as mass density, latent heat, surface tension, elastic moduli and…
Ferroelectrics are attractive candidate materials for environmentally friendly solid state refrigeration free of greenhouse gases. Their thermal response upon variations of external electric fields is largest in the vicinity of their phase…
The evolution of a hadronic system after its chemical decomposition is described through a model that conserves the hadronic multiplicities to their values at chemical freeze-out. The state of the system is found as function of temperature…
We study the effect of periodic, spatially uniform temperature variation on mechanical properties and structural relaxation of amorphous alloys using molecular dynamics simulations. The disordered material is modeled via a non-additive…
The displacement fluctuations of mirrors in optomechanical devices, induced via thermal expansion by temperature fluctuations due either to thermodynamic fluctuations or to fluctuations in the photon absorption, can be made smaller than…
Magnetocaloric materials, which exploit reversible temperature changes induced by magnetic field variations, are promising for advancing energy-efficient cooling technologies. The potential integration of two-dimensional materials into…
Many 'interesting; correlated electron materials exhibit an unusual sensitivity of measured properties to external perturbations, and in particular to imperfections in the sample being measured. It is argued that in addition to its…
Silicon microelectronics, consisting of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, have changed nearly all aspects of human life from communication to transportation, entertainment, and healthcare. Despite the widespread and…
At high pressure, the typical behavior of elements dictated by the periodic table - including oxidation numbers, stoichiometries in compounds, and reactivity, to name but a few - is altered dramatically. As pressure is applied, the…
Any material in thermal equilibrium exhibits fundamental thermodynamic fluctuations of its mechanical and optical properties. Such thermodynamic fluctuations of length, elastic constants, and refractive index of amorphous materials -- like…
It has been reported that treating music wire (high carbon steel wire) by cooling to cryogenic temperatures can enhance its mechanical properties with particular reference to those properties important for musical performance. We use such…
The understanding of complex and/or large vacuum systems operating at cryogenic temperatures requires a specific knowledge of the vacuum science at such temperatures. At room temperature, molecules with a low binding energy to a surface are…
The existence and feasibility of the multicaloric, polycrystalline material 0.8Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.2Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3, exhibiting magnetocaloric and electrocaloric properties, are demonstrated. Both the electrocaloric and magnetocaloric…
We consider the statistical mechanics of a small gaseous system subject to a constant external field. As is well known, in the canonical ensemble the system i) obeys a barometric formula for the density profile and ii) the kinetic…
In traditional thermodynamical and statistical-mechanical approaches one has (some) detailed knowledge of the principles governing the microdynamics of a system. However in many instances we may not have a Hamiltonian or good information…
The current theoretical and experimental situations are reviewed for low-dimensional insulating systems with a low magnetic transition temperature TM and pronounced short-range magnetic order above this temperature. Both the standard and…
Electron transport in Ge at various temperatures down to 20 mK has been investigated using particle Monte Carlo simulation taking into account ionized impurity and inelastic phonon scattering. The simulations account for the essential…
The development of cryogenic semiconductor electronics and superconducting quantum computing requires composite materials that can provide both thermal conduction and thermal insulation. We demonstrated that at cryogenic temperatures, the…
In the past several years, many important innovations in nanotechnology were made. Today it becomes possible to make nanosize magnetic particles, and development of high storage-density magnetic device is desired. In such a magnetic…
What characterises a solid is its way to respond to external stresses. Ordered solids, such crystals, display an elastic regime followed by a plastic one, both well understood microscopically in terms of lattice distortion and dislocations.…