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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging technology that can measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantitatively. However, since only a small portion of blood is labeled compared to the whole tissue…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-15 Jianan Cui , Kuang Gong , Paul Han , Huafeng Liu , Quanzheng Li

The prevailing approach to distilling reasoning from Large Language Models (LLMs)-behavioral cloning from textual rationales-is fundamentally limited. It teaches Small Language Models (SLMs) to mimic surface-level patterns rather than the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiangyu Wen , Junhua Huang , Zeju Li , Min Li , Jianyuan Zhong , Zhijian Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Yongxiang Huang , Qiang Xu

In-network computing techniques, exemplified by NVLink SHARP (NVLS), offer a promising approach to addressing the communication bottlenecks in LLM inference by offloading collective operations such as All-Reduce to switches. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Aojie Jiang , Kang Zhu , Zhiheng Zhang , Zhengxu Su , Juntao Liu , Yuan Du , Li Du

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), providing more realistic neuronal dynamics, have been shown to achieve performance comparable to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in several machine learning tasks. Information is processed as spikes within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiaqi Lin , Sen Lu , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs) are a promising class of materials for spintronic applications, enabling functions beyond conventional electronics. This study introduces a novel design for multifunctional spintronic field-effect…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-04-11 Ersoy Şaşıoğlu , Paul Bodewei , Nicki F. Hinsche , Ingrid Mertig

Logic synthesis, a pivotal stage in chip design, entails optimizing chip specifications encoded in hardware description languages like Verilog into highly efficient implementations using Boolean logic gates. The process involves a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Marco Romanelli , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

This paper presents Non-Axiomatic Term Logic (NATL) as a theoretical computational framework of humanlike symbolic reasoning in artificial intelligence. NATL unites a discrete syntactic system inspired from Aristotle's term logic and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Kotaro Funakoshi

Recent large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning milestones but continue to struggle with high computational costs, logical inconsistencies, and sharp performance degradation on high-complexity problems. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee

Memory devices operating due to the fast proton transfer (PT) process are proposed by means of the first-principles calculations. Writing an information is performed using the electrostatic potential of the scanning tunneling microscopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-11-26 Malgorzata Wierzbowska

Signal temporal logic (STL) is a powerful tool for describing complex behaviors for dynamical systems. Among many approaches, the control problem for systems under STL task constraints is well suited for learning-based solutions, because…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Spike sorting is a class of algorithms used in neuroscience to attribute the time occurences of particular electric signals, called action potential or spike, to neurons. We rephrase this problem as a particular optimization problem : Lasso…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Laurent Dragoni , Rémi Flamary , Karim Lounici , Patricia Reynaud-Bouret

Semiconductor spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) has emerged as a unique experimental tool that utilizes spin fluctuations to provide profound insight into undisturbed spin dynamics in doped semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-03-28 G. M. Müller , M. Oestreich , M. Römer , J. Hübner

Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their high stabilities at the nanoscale. However, electrical…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-04-04 Lijun Zhu

Stochastic neurons are efficient hardware accelerators for solving a large variety of combinatorial optimization problems. "Binary" stochastic neurons (BSN) are those whose states fluctuate randomly between two levels +1 and -1, with the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Rahnuma Rahman , Samiran Ganguly , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

We present GradSTL, the first fully comprehensive implementation of signal temporal logic (STL) suitable for integration with neurosymbolic learning. In particular, GradSTL can successfully evaluate any STL constraint over any signal,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mark Chevallier , Filip Smola , Richard Schmoetten , Jacques D. Fleuriot

This paper addresses the planning and control problem for nonlinear systems under Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. We first decompose an STL task into finite local tasks. A sampling-based method generates sequences of local…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Zuodong Pan , Xu Fang , Wei Ren

Some important VLSI adder circuits are implemented using quantum dots (qd) and Spin Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (SPSTM) in Single Spin Logic (SSL) paradigm. A simple comparison between these adder circuits shows that the mirror…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-23 Soumitra Shukla , Bahniman Ghosh

Spin amplification is one of the most critical challenges for spintronics and spin-based logic in order to achieve spintronic circuits with fan-out. We propose a new concept for spin amplification that will allow a small spin current in a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-12-01 Roland K. Kawakami

Probabilistic spin logic (PSL) is a recently proposed computing paradigm based on unstable stochastic units called probabilistic bits (p-bits) that can be correlated to form probabilistic circuits (p-circuits). These p-circuits can be used…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Brian M. Sutton , Lakshmi Anirudh Ghantasala , Kerem Y. Camsari

Magnetic devices are a leading contender for implementing memory and logic technologies that are nonvolatile, that can scale to high density and high speed, and that do not suffer wear-out. However, widespread applications of magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 A. R. Mellnik , J. S. Lee , A. Richardella , J. L. Grab , P. J. Mintun , M. H. Fischer , A. Vaezi , A. Manchon , E. -A. Kim , N. Samarth , D. C. Ralph
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