Related papers: The same key to different doors - temperature puzz…
Learning to create, use, and evaluate models is a central element of becoming a scientist. In physics, we often begin an analysis of a complex system with highly simplified or toy models. In introductory physics classes, we tend to use them…
One goal of this paper is to discuss the classical definition of granular temperature as an extension of its thermodynamic equivalent and a useful concept which provides an important characterization of fluidized granular matter. Following…
Elementary thermal operations are thermal operations that act non-trivially on at most two energy levels of a system at the same time. They were recently introduced in order to bring thermal operations closer to experimental feasibility. A…
Thought experiments involving thermodynamic principles have often been used to derive fundamental physical limits to information processing and storage. Similar thought experiments involving black holes can shed further light into such…
The notion of configuration temperature is extended to discontinuous systems by identifying the temperature as the nontrivial root of several integral equations regarding the distribution of the energy change upon configuration…
Several Monte Carlo algorithms and applications that are useful for understanding the concepts of temperature and chemical potential are discussed. We then introduce a generalization of the demon algorithm that measures the chemical…
The laws of thermodynamics provide a clear concept of the temperature for an equilibrium system in the continuum limit. Meanwhile, the equipartition theorem allows one to make a connection between the ensemble average of the kinetic energy…
The effect of temperature on the operation of the elementary quantum-dot spin gates for single-electron computing is studied theoretically within the framework of the Hubbard model by the example of the NOT-AND gate. The calculated values…
We discuss the status of thermal model descriptions of particle ratios in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energy. An alternative to the ``Cleymans-Redlich'' interpretation of the freeze-out trajectory is given in…
The aim of this Tutorial is to present the basic mathematical techniques required for an accurate description of cold trapped atoms, both Bose and Fermi. The term {\it cold} implies that considered temperatures are low, such that quantum…
We discuss different aspects which could influence temperatures deduced from experimental isotopic yields in the multifragmentation process. It is shown that fluctuations due to the finite size of the system and distortions due to the decay…
When long-range interactions are present the usual definition of temperature implies that two systems in thermal equilibrium can be at different temperatures. This local temperature has physical significance, if the sub-systems cease to…
From a new rigorous formulation of the general axiomatic foundations of thermodynamics we derive an operational definition of entropy that responds to the emergent need in many technological frameworks to understand and deploy thermodynamic…
Memory is an indispensable element for computer besides logic gates. In this Letter we report a model of thermal memory. We demonstrate via numerical simulation that thermal (phononic) information stored in the memory can be retained for a…
We establish three partial differential equation models describing the thermodynamics of the fluid, by combining the energetic variational approach, appropriate constitutive relations, and classical thermodynamics laws. What is more, by…
BRAHMS has the ability to study relativistic heavy ion collisions over a wide range of pT and rapidity. This allows us to test whether thermal models can be generalized to describe the rapidity dependence of particle ratios. This appears to…
We discuss a simple toy model which allows, in a natural way, for deriving central facts from thermodynamics such as its fundamental laws, including Carnot's version of the second principle. Our viewpoint represents thermodynamic systems as…
According to conventional wisdom, a system placed in an environment with a different temperature tends to relax to the temperature of the latter, mediated by the flows of heat and/or matter that are set solely by the temperature difference.…
Sintering, as a thermal process at elevated temperature below the melting point, is widely used to bond contacting particles into engineering products such as ceramics, metals, polymers, and cemented carbides. Modelling and simulation as…
We develop a thermodynamic theory for machine learning (ML) systems. Similar to physical thermodynamic systems which are characterized by energy and entropy, ML systems possess these characteristics as well. This comparison inspire us to…