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This paper surveys and organizes research works in an under-studied area, which we call automated evaluation for student argumentative writing. Unlike traditional automated writing evaluation that focuses on holistic essay scoring, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Xinyu Wang , Yohan Lee , Juneyoung Park

Acoustic word embeddings (AWEs) are vector representations of spoken word segments. AWEs can be learned jointly with embeddings of character sequences, to generate phonetically meaningful embeddings of written words, or acoustically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Yushi Hu , Shane Settle , Karen Livescu

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Automated Feature Engineering (AFE) refers to automatically generate and select optimal feature sets for downstream tasks, which has achieved great success in real-world applications. Current AFE methods mainly focus on improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Kafeng Wang , Pengyang Wang , Chengzhong xu

In recent years, the role of big data analytics has exponentially grown and is now slowly making its way into the education industry. Several attempts are being made in this sphere in order to improve the quality of education being provided…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Akash Nagaraj , Mukund Sood , Gowri Srinivasa

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is highly sensitive to the prompts they are given. Drawing inspiration from the field of prompt optimization, this study investigates the potential for enhancing Automated Essay Scoring (AES)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Keno Harada , Lui Yoshida , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has been quite popular and is being widely used. However, lack of appropriate methodology for rating nonnative English speakers' essays has meant a lopsided advancement in this field. In this paper, we report…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Amber Nigam

Providing rich, constructive feedback to students is essential for supporting and enhancing their learning. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly with large language models (LLMs), present new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Euan D Lindsay , Mike Zhang , Aditya Johri , Johannes Bjerva

Models of acoustic word embeddings (AWEs) learn to map variable-length spoken word segments onto fixed-dimensionality vector representations such that different acoustic exemplars of the same word are projected nearby in the embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Badr M. Abdullah , Bernd Möbius , Dietrich Klakow

While automated essay scoring (AES) can reliably grade essays at scale, automated writing evaluation (AWE) additionally provides formative feedback to guide essay revision. However, a neural AES typically does not provide useful feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Haoran Zhang , Diane Litman

Ensembling deep learning models is a shortcut to promote its implementation in new scenarios, which can avoid tuning neural networks, losses and training algorithms from scratch. However, it is difficult to collect sufficient accurate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Jun Yang , Fei Wang

AI-generated text is proliferating across domains, from creative writing and journalism to marketing content and scientific articles. Models can follow user-provided instructions to generate coherent and grammatically correct outputs but in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) is a cross-disciplinary effort involving Education, Linguistics, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The efficacy of an NLP model in AES tests it ability to evaluate long-term dependencies and extrapolate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Christopher M Ormerod , Akanksha Malhotra , Amir Jafari

Despite growing interest in using LLMs to generate feedback on students' writing, little is known about how students respond to AI-mediated versus human-provided feedback. We address this gap through a randomized controlled trial in a large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xinyi Lu , Kexin Phyllis Ju , Mitchell Dudley , Larissa Sano , Xu Wang

With the development of artificial intelligence, writing assistants (WAs) are changing the way people interact with text, creating lengthy outputs that can be overwhelming for users. The programming field has long addressed this issue, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Sergey Titov , Agnia Sergeyuk , Timofey Bryksin

The evaluation of machine learning models using human-labeled validation data can be expensive and time-consuming. AI-labeled synthetic data can be used to decrease the number of human annotations required for this purpose in a process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Pierre Boyeau , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Nir Yosef , Jitendra Malik , Michael I. Jordan

Image classification technology and performance based on Deep Learning have already achieved high standards. Nevertheless, many efforts have conducted to improve the stability of classification via ensembling. However, the existing ensemble…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 YeongHyeon Park , JoonSung Lee , Wonseok Park

We conducted a systematic literature review on automated grading and feedback tools for programming education. We analysed 121 research papers from 2017 to 2021 inclusive and categorised them based on skills assessed, approach, language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Marcus Messer , Neil C. C. Brown , Michael Kölling , Miaojing Shi

Written reflective practice is a regular exercise pre-service teachers perform during their higher education. Usually, their lecturers are expected to provide individual feedback, which can be a challenging task to perform on a regular…

The assessment of source code in university education is a central and important task for lecturers of programming courses. In doing so, educators are confronted with growing numbers of students having increasingly diverse prerequisites, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Clemens Sauerwein , Tobias Antensteiner , Stefan Oppl , Iris Groher , Alexander Meschtscherjakov , Philipp Zech , Ruth Breu