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Parity games are simple infinite games played on finite graphs with a winning condition that is expressive enough to capture nested least and greatest fixpoints. Through their tight relationship to the modal mu-calculus, they are used in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Tom van Dijk

Parity games have important practical applications in formal verification and synthesis, especially to solve the model-checking problem of the modal mu-calculus. They are also interesting from the theory perspective, because they are widely…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Tom van Dijk

The winning condition of a parity game with costs requires an arbitrary, but fixed bound on the cost incurred between occurrences of odd colors and the next occurrence of a larger even one. Such games quantitatively extend parity games…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Alexander Weinert , Martin Zimmermann

Zielonka's classic recursive algorithm for solving parity games is perhaps the simplest among the many existing parity game algorithms. However, its complexity is exponential, while currently the state-of-the-art algorithms have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Karoliina Lehtinen , Paweł Parys , Sven Schewe , Dominik Wojtczak

The recent breakthrough paper by Calude et al. has given the first algorithm for solving parity games in quasi-polynomial time, where previously the best algorithms were mildly subexponential. We devise an alternative quasi-polynomial time…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Marcin Jurdzinski , Ranko Lazic

We improve the complexity of solving parity games (with priorities in vertices) for $d={\omega}(\log n)$ by a factor of ${\theta}(d^2)$: the best complexity known to date was $O(mdn^{1.45+\log_2(d/\log_2(n))})$, while we obtain…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Paweł Parys , Aleksander Wiącek

We consider the problem of finding a solution to a multivariate polynomial equation system of degree $d$ in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{F}_2$. For $d=2$, the best-known algorithm for the problem is by Bardet et al. [J. Complexity, 2013] and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Itai Dinur

Hedonic diversity games are a variant of the classical Hedonic games designed to better model a variety of questions concerning diversity and fairness. Previous works mainly targeted the case with two diversity classes (represented as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Robert Ganian , Thekla Hamm , Dušan Knop , Šimon Schierreich , Ondřej Suchý

Graph games with {\omega}-regular winning conditions provide a mathematical framework to analyze a wide range of problems in the analysis of reactive systems and programs (such as the synthesis of reactive systems, program repair, and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-16 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Wolfgang Dvořák , Monika Henzinger , Veronika Loitzenbauer

In recent work, Watanabe, Eberhart, Asada, and Hasuo have shown that parity games can be seen as string diagrams, that is, as the morphisms of a symmetric monoidal category, an algebraic structure with two different operations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Robin Piedeleu

Parity games are two player games with omega-winning conditions, played on finite graphs. Such games play an important role in verification, satisfiability and synthesis. It is therefore important to identify algorithms that can efficiently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Lisette Sanchez , Wieger Wesselink , Tim A. C. Willemse

Parity games are positionally determined. This is a fundamental and classical result. In 2010, Calude et al. showed a breakthrough result for finite parity games: the winning regions and their positional winning strategies can be computed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Volker Diekert , Manfred Kufleitner

The computation of the winning set for parity objectives and for Streett objectives in graphs as well as in game graphs are central problems in computer-aided verification, with application to the verification of closed systems with strong…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Monika Henzinger , Veronika Loitzenbauer

This paper presents a new lower bound for the discrete strategy improvement algorithm for solving parity games due to Voege and Jurdziski. First, we informally show which structures are difficult to solve for the algorithm. Second, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-20 Oliver Friedmann

The complexity of parity games is a long standing open problem that saw a major breakthrough in 2017 when two quasi-polynomial algorithms were published. This article presents a third, independent approach to solving parity games in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Karoliina Lehtinen , Udi Boker

Partial methods play an important role in formal methods and beyond. Recently such methods were developed for parity games, where polynomial-time partial solvers decide the winners of a subset of nodes. We investigate here how effective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Patrick Ah-Fat , Michael Huth

Temporal graphs are a popular modelling mechanism for dynamic complex systems that extend ordinary graphs with discrete time. Simply put, time progresses one unit per step and the availability of edges can change with time. We consider the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Pete Austin , Sougata Bose , Patrick Totzke

The satisfiability problem for branching-time temporal logics like CTL*, CTL and CTL+ has important applications in program specification and verification. Their computational complexities are known: CTL* and CTL+ are complete for doubly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Oliver Friedmann , Martin Lange , Markus Latte

Attractors in parity games are a technical device for solving "alternating" reachability of given node sets. A well known solver of parity games - Zielonka's algorithm - uses such attractor computations recursively. We here propose new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-20 Michael Huth , Jim Huan-Pu Kuo , Nir Piterman

Parity games have witnessed several new quasi-polynomial algorithms since the breakthrough result of Calude et al. (STOC 2017). The combinatorial object underlying these approaches is a universal tree, as identified by Czerwi\'nski et al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhuan Khye Koh , Georg Loho