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A $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph is a simple graph in which a unit complex number is assigned to each orientation of an edge, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite orientation. The associated adjacency matrix is defined canonically, and is…

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. A $k$-matching of a graph $G$ is a function $f:E(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,\ldots, k\}$ satisfying $\sum_{e \in E_G(v)} f(e) \leq k$ for every vertex $v \in V(G)$,…

The enhanced power graph of a finite group $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{P}_E(G)$, is the simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two distinct vertices $x, y$ are adjacent if $x, y \in \langle z \rangle$ for some $z \in G$. In this…

In a graph $G$, a subset of vertices $S \subseteq V(G)$ is said to be cyclable if there is a cycle containing the vertices in some order. $G$ is said to be $k$-cyclable if any subset of $k \geq 2$ vertices is cyclable. If any $k$…

Let $G$ be $2$-generated group. The generating graph of $\Gamma(G)$ is the graph whose vertices are the elements of $G$ and where two vertices $g$ and $h$ are adjacent if $G=\langle g,h\rangle$. This graph encodes the combinatorial…

We establish a lower bound for the energy of a complex unit gain graph in terms of the matching number of its underlying graph, and characterize all the complex unit gain graphs whose energy reaches this bound.

Let $R$ be a finite commutative ring with identity, and let $P$ be a proper prime ideal of $R$. The prime ideal graph $\Gamma_P(R)$ has vertex set of $R\setminus\{0\}$, where two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if…

For a given simple graph \( G \), the \( p \)-energy of \( G \), denoted by \( \mathcal{E}_p(G) \), is defined as the sum of the \( p \)-th power of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Let \( S_n \) denote the…

The mean subtree order of a given graph $G$, denoted $\mu(G)$, is the average number of vertices in a subtree of $G$. Let $G$ be a connected graph. Chin, Gordon, MacPhee, and Vincent [J. Graph Theory, 89(4): 413-438, 2018] conjectured that…

A mixed graph is said to be \textit{integral} if all the eigenvalues of its Hermitian adjacency matrix are integer. The \textit{mixed circulant graph} $Circ(\mathbb{Z}_n,\mathcal{C})$ is a mixed graph on the vertex set $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and…

Given a graph $G$, let $G^\sigma$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with the orientation $\sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^\sigma)$. Then the spectrum of $S(G^\sigma)$ is called the skew-spectrum of $G^\sigma$, denoted by $Sp_S(G^\sigma)$.…

This paper deals with the problem of graph matching or network alignment for Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi graphs, which can be viewed as a noisy average-case version of the graph isomorphism problem. Let $G$ and $G'$ be $G(n, p)$ Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi…

The difference between the two largest eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph $G$ is called the spectral gap of $G.$ If $G$ is a regular graph, then its spectral gap is equal to algebraic connectivity. Abdi, Ghorbani and Imrich, in…

Let $G$ be a graph of even order, and consider $K_G$ as the complete graph on the same vertex set as $G$. A perfect matching of $K_G$ is called a pairing of $G$. If for every pairing $M$ of $G$ it is possible to find a perfect matching $N$…

For a given graph \( G \), let \( G^{(j)} \) denote the graph obtained by the deletion of vertex \( v_j \) from \( G \). The difference \( \mathscr{E}(G) - \mathscr{E}(G^{(j)}) \) quantifies the change in the energy of \( G \) upon the…

Let $G_S$ be a graph with loops obtained from a graph $G$ of order $n$ and loops at $S \subseteq V(G)$. In this paper, we establish a neccesary and sufficient condition on the bipartititeness of a connected graph $G$ and the spectrum…

Let $G_{n,\gamma}$ be the set of all connected graphs on $n$ vertices with domination number $\gamma$. A graph is called a minimizer graph if it attains the minimum spectral radius among $G_{n,\gamma}$. Very recently, Liu, Li and Xie…

A connected graph is called a block graph if each of its blocks is a complete graph. Let $\mathbf{Bl}(\textbf{k}, \varphi)$ be the class of block graphs on $\textbf{k}$ vertices with given dissociation number $\varphi$. In this article, we…

The undirected power graph (or simply power graph) of a group $G$, denoted by $P(G)$, is a graph whose vertices are the elements of the group $G$, in which two vertices $u$ and $v$ are connected by an edge between if and only if either…

A mixed multigraph is obtained from an undirected multigraph by orienting a subset of its edges. In this paper, we study a new Hermitian matrix representation of mixed multigraphs, give an introduction to cospectral operations on mixed…