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Related papers: Posterior predictive p-values and the convex order

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We present here a PAC-Bayesian point of view on adaptive supervised classification. Using convex analysis, we show how to get local measures of the complexity of the classification model involving the relative entropy of posterior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Olivier Catoni

Variational inference has recently emerged as a popular alternative to the classical Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) in large-scale Bayesian inference. The core idea is to trade statistical accuracy for computational efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-08 Kush Bhatia , Nikki Lijing Kuang , Yi-An Ma , Yixin Wang

The power-expected-posterior (PEP) prior is an objective prior for Gaussian linear models, which leads to consistent model selection inference, under the M-closed scenario, and tends to favor parsimonious models. Recently, two new forms of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-22 Dimitris Fouskakis , Ioannis Ntzoufras , Konstantinos Perrakis

The higher criticism of a family of tests starts with the individual uncorrected p-values of each test. It then requires a procedure for deciding whether the collection of p-values indicates the presence of a real effect and if possible…

Although Bayesian inference is an immensely popular paradigm among a large segment of scientists including statisticians, most applications consider objective priors and need critical investigations (Efron, 2013, Science). While it has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Abhik Ghosh , Tuhin Majumder , Ayanendranath Basu

We are concerned with testing replicability hypotheses for many endpoints simultaneously. This constitutes a multiple test problem with composite null hypotheses. Traditional $p$-values, which are computed under least favourable parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Anh-Tuan Hoang , Thorsten Dickhaus

A conventional Bayesian approach to prediction uses the posterior distribution to integrate out parameters in a density for unobserved data conditional on the observed data and parameters. When the true posterior is intractable, it is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Lucas Kock , Scott A. Sisson , G. S. Rodrigues , David J. Nott

Stochastic dominance of a random variable by a convex combination of its independent copies has recently been shown to hold within the relatively narrow class of distributions with concave odds function, and later extended to broader…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Idir Arab , Tommaso Lando , Paulo Eduardo Oliveira

Inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used in science and engineering. Although such problems are generally ill-posed, different regularisation approaches have been developed to ameliorate this problem.…

Applications · Statistics 2022-03-23 Jan Povala , Ieva Kazlauskaite , Eky Febrianto , Fehmi Cirak , Mark Girolami

The well-known Bayes theorem assumes that a posterior distribution is a probability distribution. However, the posterior distribution may no longer be a probability distribution if an improper prior distribution (non-probability measure)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-28 Hyungsuk Tak , Sujit K. Ghosh , Justin A. Ellis

Sampling from the posterior is a key technical problem in Bayesian statistics. Rigorous guarantees are difficult to obtain for Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms of common use. In this paper, we study an alternative class of algorithms…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Andrea Montanari , Yuchen Wu

Analysis of credibility is a reverse-Bayes technique that has been proposed by Matthews (2001) to overcome some of the shortcomings of significance tests. A significant result is deemed credible if current knowledge about the effect size is…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-11 Leonhard Held

Many approximate Bayesian inference methods assume a particular parametric form for approximating the posterior distribution. A multivariate Gaussian distribution provides a convenient density for such approaches; examples include the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-20 Jackson Zhou , Clara Grazian , John Ormerod

Consider a real-valued function that can only be observed with stochastic noise at a finite set of design points within a Euclidean space. We wish to determine whether there exists a convex function that goes through the true function…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-07-30 Nanjing Jian , Shane G. Henderson

In the hypothesis testing framework, p-value is often computed to determine rejection of the null hypothesis or not. On the other hand, Bayesian approaches typically compute the posterior probability of the null hypothesis to evaluate its…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Guosheng Yin , Haolun Shi

Much of science is (rightly or wrongly) driven by hypothesis testing. Even in situations where the hypothesis testing paradigm is correct, the common practice of basing inferences solely on p-values has been under intense criticism for over…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-12-31 M. J. Bayarri , Daniel J. Benjamin , James O. Berger , Thomas M. Sellke

There are several estimators of conditional probability from observed frequencies of features. In this paper, we propose using the lower limit of confidence interval on posterior distribution determined by the observed frequencies to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Masato Kikuchi , Eiko Yamamoto , Mitsuo Yoshida , Masayuki Okabe , Kyoji Umemura

We derive conditions for posterior consistency when the responses are independent but not identically distributed ($i.n.i.d$) and the model is "misspecified" to be a family of densities parametrized by a possibly infinite dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-27 Karthik Sriram , R. V. Ramamoorthi

We introduce a method for calculating \(p\)-values to test causal hypotheses in qualitative research \emph{a la} process tracing. As in an experiment, our \(p\)-value tells us how often one would make the same or more compelling…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Matias Lopez , Jake Bowers

We propose a family of variational approximations to Bayesian posterior distributions, called $\alpha$-VB, with provable statistical guarantees. The standard variational approximation is a special case of $\alpha$-VB with $\alpha=1$. When…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Yun Yang , Debdeep Pati , Anirban Bhattacharya
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