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Nash equilibrium is a key concept in game theory fundamental for elucidating the equilibrium state of strategic interactions, finding applications in diverse fields such as economics, political science, and biology. However, the Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Elie Eshoa , Ali R. Zomorrodi

When two or more self-interested agents put their plans to execution in the same environment, conflicts may arise as a consequence, for instance, of a common utilization of resources. In this case, an agent can postpone the execution of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Jaume Jordán , Eva Onaindia

We introduce a new unified framework for modelling both decision problems and finite games based on quantifiers and selection functions. We show that the canonical utility maximisation is one special case of a quantifier and that our more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-29 Jules Hedges , Paulo Oliva , Evguenia Winschel , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

Optimizing strategic decisions (a.k.a. computing equilibrium) is key to the success of many non-cooperative multi-agent applications. However, in many real-world situations, we may face the exact opposite of this game-theoretic problem --…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Jibang Wu , Weiran Shen , Fei Fang , Haifeng Xu

Most work in game theory assumes that players are perfect reasoners and have common knowledge of all significant aspects of the game. In earlier work, we proposed a framework for representing and analyzing games with possibly unaware…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-17 Leandro C. Rego , Joseph Y. Halpern

As autonomous AI agents increasingly mediate online platform markets, a fundamental question emerges: do these markets generate stable strategic outcomes? In repeated strategic environments, the Nash equilibrium provides a natural benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Enoch Hyunwook Kang

We present an algorithm that identifies the reasoning patterns of agents in a game, by iteratively examining the graph structure of its Multi-Agent Influence Diagram (MAID) representation. If the decision of an agent participates in no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Dimitrios Antos , Avi Pfeffer

We propose a stochastic first-order algorithm to learn the rationality parameters of simultaneous and non-cooperative potential games, i.e., the parameters of the agents' optimization problems. Our technique combines (i.) an active-set step…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-31 Stefan Clarke , Gabriele Dragotto , Jaime Fernández Fisac , Bartolomeo Stellato

It is well-known that for infinitely repeated games, there are computable strategies that have best responses, but no computable best responses. These results were originally proved for either specific games (e.g., Prisoner's dilemma), or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Jakub Dargaj , Jakob Grue Simonsen

A Nash equilibrium has become important solution concept for analyzing the decision making in Game theory. In this paper, we consider the problem of computing Nash equilibria of a subclass of generic finite normal form games. We define…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Samaresh Chatterji , Ratnik Gandhi

Conventional noncooperative game theory hypothesizes that the joint strategy of a set of players in a game must satisfy an "equilibrium concept". All other joint strategies are considered impossible; the only issue is what equilibrium…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 David H. Wolpert

Many real-world systems are composed of interdependent networks that rely on one another. Such networks are typically designed and operated by different entities, who aim at maximizing their own payoffs. There exists a game among these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-03-08 Yuhang Fan , Gongze Cao , Shibo He , Jiming Chen , Youxian Sun

In many game-theoretic settings, agents are challenged with taking decisions against the uncertain behavior exhibited by others. Often, this uncertainty arises from multiple sources, e.g., incomplete information, limited computation,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nicolas Lanzetti , Sylvain Fricker , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler , Dario Paccagnan

Game-theoretic concepts have been extensively studied in economics to provide insight into competitive behaviour and strategic decision making. As computing systems increasingly involve concurrently acting autonomous agents, game-theoretic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos , Rui Yan

We introduce a simple stochastic dynamics for game theory. It assumes ``local'' rationality in the sense that any player climbs the gradient of his utility function in the presence of a stochastic force which represents deviation from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-23 Matteo Marsili , Yi-Cheng Zhang

We introduce the LLM-Nash framework, a game-theoretic model where agents select reasoning prompts to guide decision-making via Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike classical games that assume utility-maximizing agents with full rationality,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Quanyan Zhu

The fundamental laws of quantum world upsets the logical foundation of classic physics. They are completely counter-intuitive with many bizarre behaviors. However, this paper shows that they may make sense from the perspective of a general…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-12-02 Xiaofei Huang

In applied game theory the motivation of players is a key element. It is encoded in the payoffs of the game form and often based on utility functions. But there are cases were formal descriptions in the form of a utility function do not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Jules Hedges , Paulo Oliva , Evguenia Sprits , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

We investigate the fluctuations induced by irrationality in simple games with a large number of competing players. We show that Nash equilibria in such games are ``weakly'' stable: irrationality propagates and amplifies through players'…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 M. Marsili , Y. -C. Zhang

We present a framework for computing approximate mixed-strategy Nash equilibria of continuous-action games. It is a modification of the traditional double oracle algorithm, extended to multiple players and continuous action spaces. Unlike…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm