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We investigate the dissociation and ionization equilibria of deuterium fluid over a wide range of temperatures and densities. The partition functions for molecular and atomic species are evaluated, in a statistical-mechanically consistent…
In this tutorial we discuss the chemical potential of ions in water (i.e., in a salt solution, in an electrolyte phase) and inside (charged) nanoporous materials such as porous membranes. In water treatment, such membranes are often used to…
Because they may provide ultrathin, high-flux, and energy-efficient membranes for precise ionic and molecular sieving in aqueous solution, GO membranes (partially oxidized, stacked sheets of graphene) have shown great potential in water…
The confinement of an ionic liquid between charged solid surfaces is treated using an exactly solvable 1D Coulomb gas model. The theory highlights the importance of two dimensionless parameters: the fugacity of the ionic liquid, and the…
Hydroxide ion transport in anion-exchange membranes fundamentally limits the efficiency of alkaline water electrolysis for green hydrogen production, yet the atomic-scale transport mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the…
The material dispersion of the [Ckmim][BF4] (k = 2,3,4,6,7,8,10) family of ionic liquids is measured at several temperatures over a broad spectral range from 300 nm to 1550 nm. The experimental curves are fitted to a modified…
The numerous combinations of cations and anions turn out possible to produce ionic liquids with fine-tuned properties once the correlation with the molecular structure is known. In this sense, computer simulations are useful tools to…
Anion exchange membranes are used in alkaline fuel cells and offer a promising alternative to the more expensive proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, hydroxide ion conductivity in anion exchange membranes is low, and the quest for…
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are promising candidates for replacing proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, and osmotic energy extraction systems. However, optimizing the…
Thousands of tons of isotopic mixtures are processed annually for heavy-water production and tritium decontamination. The existing technologies remain extremely energy intensive and require large capital investments. New approaches are…
Janus --or two-sided, charged membranes offer promise as ionic current rectifiers. In such systems, pores consisting of two regions of opposite charge can be used to generate a current from a gradient in salinity. The efficiency of…
Water is a polar solvent and hence supports the bulk dissociation of itself and its solutes into ions, and the re-association of these ions into neutral molecules in a dynamic equilibrium, e.g., ${\rm H_2O_2}\leftrightharpoons {\rm…
The freshwater crisis is a growing concern and a pressing problem for the world because of the increasing population, civilization, and rapid industrial growth. The water treatment facilities are able to supply less than 1% of the total…
Microgels are often discussed as well-suited model system for soft colloids. In contrast to rigid spheres, the microgel volume and, coupled to this, the volume fraction in dispersion can be manipulated by external stimuli. This behavior is…
Integrated optical electric field sensors (IOES) play a crucial role in electric field measurement. This paper introduces the principles of the IOES and quantitatively evaluates the impact of humidity on measurement accuracy. Sensors with…
The bactericidal potency of ionic liquids (ILs) is well-established, yet their precise mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we show evidence that the bactericidal action of ILs primarily involves permeabilizing the bacterial cell…
An extended Designed regression analysis of experimental data on density and refractive indices of several classes of ionic liquids yielded statistically averaged atomic volumes and polarizabilities of the constituting atoms. These values…
Ferroelectric nematic fluids are promising materials for tunable nonlinear photonics, with applications ranging from second harmonic generation to sources of entangled photons. However, the few reported values of second-order…
Recently there have been significant theoretical advances in our understanding of liquids and dense supercritical fluids based on their ability to support high frequency transverse (shear) waves. Here, we have constructed a new computer…
Microfabricated ion-trap devices offer a promising pathway towards scalable quantum computing. Research efforts have begun to focus on the engineering challenges associated with developing large-scale ion-trap arrays and networks. However,…