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For a simple graph $G$, the $2$-distance graph, $D_2(G)$, is a graph with the vertex set $V(G)$ and two vertices are adjacent if and only if their distance is $2$ in the graph $G$. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-04 S. H. Jafari , S. R. Musawi

The {\it Randi\'c index} $R(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of 1/\sqrt{d_ud_v} over all edges $uv$ of $G$, where $d_u$ and $d_v$ are the degrees of vertices $u$ and $v,$ respectively. Let $D(G)$ be the diameter of $G$ when $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-05 Yiting Yang , Linyuan Lu

The edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges whose deletion disconnects the graph. Let $\Delta(G)$ the maximum degree of a graph $G$ and let $\rho(G)$ be the spectral radius of $G$. In this article we present a lower…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-20 Cristian Conde , Ezequiel Dratman , Luciano N. Grippo

Shiu, Chan and Chang [On the spectral radius of graphs with connectivity at most $k$, J. Math. Chem., 46 (2009), 340-346] studied the spectral radius of graphs of order $n$ with $\kappa(G) \leq k$ and showed that among those graphs, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-07-28 Hongliang Lu , Yuqing Lin

Let $G$ be a graph with minimum degree $\delta$. The spectral radius of $G$, denoted by $\rho(G)$, is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In this note we mainly prove the following two results. (1) Let $G$ be a graph on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Bo Ning , Jun Ge

The eccentricity matrix of a connected graph $G$ is obtained from the distance matrix of $G$ by retaining the largest distances in each row and each column, and setting the remaining entries as $0$. In this article, a conjecture about the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Iswar Mahato , R. Gurusamy , M. Rajesh Kannan , S. Arockiaraj

The $f$ adjacency matrix is a type of edge-weighted adjacency matrix, whose weight of an edge $ij$ is $f(d_i,d_j)$, where $f$ is a real symmetric function and $d_i,d_j$ are the degrees of vertex $i$ and vertex $j$. The $f$-spectral radius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Chenghao Shen , Haiying Shan

This paper presents sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian paths and cycles in graphs. Letting $\lambda\left( G\right) $ denote the spectral radius of the adjacency matrix of a graph $G,$ the main results of the paper are: (1) Let $k\geq1,$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Vladimir Nikiforov

Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. Let $Tr(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of $G$ and $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. The distance Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Jie Xue , Huiqiu Lin , Kinkar Ch. Das , Jinlong Shu

For a graph $G=(V,E)$ and $v_{i}\in V$, denote by $d_{v_{i}}$ (or $d_{i}$ for short) the degree of vertex $v_{i}$. The $p$-Sombor matrix $\textbf{S}_{\textbf{p}}(G)$ ($p\neq0$) of a graph $G$ is a square matrix, where the $(i,j)$-entry is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-06 Ruiling Zheng , Tianlong Ma , Xian'an Jin

The spectral radius $\rho(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. Woo and Neumaier discovered that a connected graph $G$ with $\rho(G)\leq 3/2{\sqrt{2}}$ is either a dagger, an open quipu, or a closed quipu.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-22 Jingfen Lan , Linyuan Lu

Given a connected graph $G$, the Randi\'c index $R(G)$ is the sum of $\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges $\{u,v\}$ of $G$, where $d(u)$ and $d(v)$ are the degree of vertices $u$ and $v$ respectively. Let $q(G)$ be the largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Bo Ning , Xing Peng

Let $D(G)$ and $D^Q(G)= Diag(Tr) + D(G)$ be the distance matrix and distance signless Laplacian matrix of a simple strongly connected digraph $G$, respectively, where $Diag(Tr)=\textrm{diag}(D_1,D_2,$ $\ldots,D_n)$ be the diagonal matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Weige Xi , Wasin So , Ligong Wang

For a $hypergraph$ $\mathcal{G}=(V, E)$ consisting of a nonempty vertex set $V=V(\mathcal{G})$ and an edge set $E=E(\mathcal{G})$, its $adjacency$ $matrix$ $\mathcal {A}_{\mathcal{G}}=[(\mathcal {A}_{\mathcal{G}})_{ij}]$ is defined as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Guanglong Yu , Lin Sun

Let $G$ be a finite, connected graph and $v$ a vertex of $G$. The average distance and the eccentricity of $v$ in $G$ are defined as the arithmetic mean and the maximum, respectively, of the distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Peter Dankelmann , Sonwabile Mafunda , Sufiyan Mallu

Let G be a simple connected graph with n vertices, and let d_i be the degree of the vertex v_i in G. The extended adjacency matrix of G is defined so that the ij-entry is 1/2(d_i/d_j+d_j/d_i) if the vertices v_i and v_j are adjacent in G,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-19 Junli Hu , Xiaodan Chen , Qiuyun Zhu

A complex unit gain graph ($ \mathbb{T} $-gain graph), $ \Phi=(G, \varphi) $ is a graph where the function $ \varphi $ assigns a unit complex number to each orientation of an edge of $ G $, and its inverse is assigned to the opposite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Aniruddha Samanta , Deepshikha

Let $G$ be a graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$, and let $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of $G$. For any real $\alpha\in[0,1]$, write $A_\alpha(G)$ for the matrix $$A_\alpha(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha)A(G).$$ This paper presents…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Dan Li , Yuanyuan Chen , Jixiang Meng

For a connected graph, the distance spectral radius is the largest eigenvalue of its distance matrix. In this paper, of all trees with both given order and fixed diameter, the trees with the minimal distance spectral radius are completely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-24 Guanglong Yu , Shuguang Guo , Mingqing Zhai

A spectral characterization of the matching number (the size of a maximum matching) of a graph is given. More precisely, it is shown that the graphs G of order n whose matching number is k are precisely those graphs with the maximum skew…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Keivan Hassani Monfared , Sudipta Mallik
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