Related papers: An ACCL which is not a CRCL
The $P$ versus $NP$ problem is still unsolved. But there are several oracles with $P$ unequal $NP$ relative to them. Here we will prove, that $P\not=NP$ relative to a $P$-complete oracle. In this paper, we use padding arguments as the proof…
In single-core processors, concurrency requires that multiple processes be interleaved into a single thread of execution by a scheduler. The language-theoretic operation that corresponds to this is the shuffle of two languages: the set of…
Categorical skew lattices are a variety of skew lattices on which the natural partial order is especially well behaved. While most skew lattices of interest are categorical, not all are. They are characterized by a countable family of…
Cirquent calculus is a proof system with inherent ability to account for sharing subcomponents in logical expressions. Within its framework, this article constructs an axiomatization CL18 of the basic propositional fragment of computability…
The paper demonstrates the non-closure of the family of unambiguous linear languages (that is, those defined by unambiguous linear context-free grammars) under complementation. To be precise, a particular unambiguous linear grammar is…
A coset relation algebra is one embeddable into some full coset relation algebra, the latter is an algebra constructed from a system of groups, a coordinated system of isomorphisms between quotients of these groups, and a system of cosets…
We show that three fixed point structures equipped with (sequential) composition, a sum operation, and a fixed point operation share the same valid equations. These are the theories of (context-free) languages, (regular) tree languages, and…
In the recent paper [2], it was proved that the closure of the planar diffeomorphisms in the Sobolev norm consists of the functions which are non-crossing (NC), i.e., the functions which can be uniformly approximated by continuous…
We present a method for approximating context-free languages with one-counter automata. This approximation allows the reconstruction of parse trees of the original grammar. We identify a decidable superset of regular languages whose…
A few properties of unitary Cayley graphs are explored using their eigenvalues. It is shown that the adjacency algebra of a unitary Cayley graph is a coherent algebra. Finally, a class of unitary Cayley graphs that are distance regular are…
In 2002 Jurdzinski and Lorys settled a long-standing conjecture that palindromes are not a Church-Rosser language. Their proof required a sophisticated theory about computation graphs of 2-stack automata. We present their proof in terms of…
Language model outputs are not always reliable, thus prompting research into how to adapt model responses based on uncertainty. Common approaches include: \emph{abstention}, where models refrain from generating responses when uncertain; and…
A word over an ordered alphabet is said to be clustering if identical letters appear adjacently in its Burrows-Wheeler transform. Such words are strictly related to (discrete) interval exchange transformations. We use an extended version of…
A root system in which all roots have same norm is known as a simply laced root system. We present a simple method of classifying all simply laced root systems.
We study so called regular Lie algebras, i.e. Lie algebras in which each nonzero element is regular. We make a connection with an open problem whether any element of reduced trace zero in a simple associative algebra is a commutator.
We introduce regular language states, a family of quantum many-body states. They are built from a special class of formal languages, called regular, which has been thoroughly studied in the field of computer science. They can be understood…
A circular word, or a necklace, is an equivalence class under conjugation of a word. A fundamental question concerning regularities in standard words is bounding the number of distinct squares in a word of length $n$. The famous conjecture…
A language $L$ is the orthogonal catenation of languages $L_1$ and $L_2$ if every word of $L$ can be written in a unique way as a catenation of a word in $L_1$ and a word in $L_2$. We establish a tight bound for the state complexity of…
The aim of the present paper is to extend the concept of a congruence from lattices to posets. We use an approach different from that used by the first author and V. Sn\'a\v{s}el. By using our definition we show that congruence classes are…
It is proved that, in certain subgroups of direct products of countable groups, the property of being an unconditionally closed set coincides with that of being an algebraic set. In particular, these properties coincide in all Abelian…