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200 papers

Supermassive black holes are nowadays believed to reside in most local galaxies. Observations have revealed us vast information on the population of local and distant black holes, but the detailed physical properties of these dark massive…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Martin J. Rees , Marta Volonteri

We model the collapse of a spherically symmetric, constant density, pressureless shell onto a preexisting black hole. Contrary to a recent claim of Liu and Zhang (2009), we show that an observer at infinity never sees any part of the shell…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Robert F. Penna

An exact energy expression for a physical black hole is derived by considering the escape of a photon from the black hole. The mass of the black hole within its horizon is found to be twice its mass as observed at infinity. This result is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuan K. Ha

The black hole mass function of supermassive black holes describes the evolution of the distribution of black hole mass. It is one of the primary empirical tools available for mapping the growth of supermassive black holes and for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Brandon C. Kelly , Andrea Merloni

The mass of a black hole has traditionally been identified with its energy. We describe a new perspective on black hole thermodynamics, one that identifies the mass of a black hole with chemical enthalpy, and the cosmological constant as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 David Kubiznak , Robert B. Mann

We advocate for a holographic definition of thermodynamic pressure and volume for black holes based on quasi-local gravitational thermodynamics. When a black hole is enclosed by a finite timelike boundary, York's quasi-local first law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-22 Silvester Borsboom , Manus R. Visser

We calculate the interior volume for the three-dimensional Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole in this paper. To that end, we obtain the volume functional and numerically find a path to extremize it, before choosing a spacelike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-23 Ming Zhang

Christodoulou and Rovelli have shown that the maximal interior volume of a Schwarzschild black hole linearly grows with time. Recently, their conclusion has been extended to the Reissner{-}Nordstr$\ddot{\text{o}}$m and Kerr black holes.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-24 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang , Wen-Biao Liu

It is argued that a characteristic length may be associated with the entropic state of a spherically symmetric black hole in the cosmological context. This length is much smaller than the Schwarzschild-radius of a black hole and may act as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hadi Salehi

An imploding shell of radiation is shown to create a 2-D black hole within the framework of the ``R=T'' theory. The radius of the horizon is given by 1/(2M), where M is the mass of the black hole. The topology of the central singularity is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Vendrell

Based on a recent proposal for the volume inside a black hole, we calculate the entropy associated with this volume and show that such entropy is proportional to the surface area of the black hole. Together with the consideration of black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-09 Baocheng Zhang

This thesis is a review of black hole evaporation with emphasis on recent results obtained for two dimensional black holes. First, the geometry of the most general stationary black hole in four dimensions is described and some classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Farid Benachenhou

A brief illustrative discussion of the shadows of black holes at local and cosmological distances is presented. Starting from definition of the term and discussion of recent observations, we then investigate shadows at large, cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-24 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko , V. Perlick

Black holes in several dimensions and in several theories are studied and discussed. The theories are, general relativity, Kaluza-Klein, Brans-Dicke, Lovelock gravity and string theory.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose' P. S. Lemos

The spherical symmetry Black holes are considered in expanding background. The singularity line and the marginally trapped tube surface behavior are discussed. In particular, we address the conditions of whether a dynamical horizon forms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-10 J. T. Firouzjaee

The singularity of a spherical (Schwarzschild) black hole is a surface, not a point. A freely-falling, non-rotating observer sees Hawking radiation with energy density diverging with radius as $\rho \propto r^{-6}$ near the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-12 Andrew J. S. Hamilton

We study classical and quantum self-similar collapses of a massless scalar field in higher dimensions, and examine how the increase in the number of dimensions affects gravitational collapse and black hole formation. Higher dimensions seem…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Hyeong-Chan Kim , Sei-Hoon Moon , Jae Hyung Yee

Using black-hole arguments with widely accepted premises, we show that it is extremely improbable that space is Euclidean, and that it is unspeakably improbable that space is hyperbolic. Independently, using an argument which makes no…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 David Johnson

We take the view that the area of a black hole's event horizon is quantized, $A = l_P^2 \, (4 \ln 2) \, N$, and the associated degrees of freedom are finite in number and of fermionic nature. We then investigate general aspects of the…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Paolo Castorina , Alfredo Iorio , Luca Smaldone

Treating the cosmological constant as a pressure, in the context of black hole thermodynamics, a thermodynamic volume for the black hole can be defined as being the thermodynamic variable conjugate to the pressure, in the sense of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Brian P. Dolan