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We examine the extent of needless traffic exposure by the routing infrastructure to nations geographically irrelevant to packet transmission. We quantify what countries are geographically logical to observe on a network path traveling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Jordan Holland , Jared Smith , Max Schuchard

Website fingerprinting is an attack that uses size and timing characteristics of encrypted downloads to identify targeted websites. Since this can defeat the privacy goals of anonymity networks such as Tor, many algorithms to defend against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Ethan Witwer , James Holland , Nicholas Hopper

There was a time when the word security was only confined to the physical protection of things that were valuable which must be guarded against all the odds. Today, in a world where people can do things virtually have emerged the necessity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 AKM Bahalul Haque , Sharaban Tahura Nisa , Md. Amdadul Bari , Ayvee Nusreen Anika

There are not many known ways to break Tor anonymity, and they require an enormous amount of computational power. Controlling both entrance and exit nodes allows an attacker to compromise client IP with enough pattern analysis. If an .onion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Stephanie Abraham , Tyler Silva , Robert Decourcy , Jim Cardon

The primary objective of an anonymity tool is to protect the anonymity of its users through the implementation of strong encryption and obfuscation techniques. As a result, it becomes very difficult to monitor and identify users activities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Javeriah Saleem , Rafiqul Islam , Zahidul Islam

Privacy technologies have become extremely prevalent in recent years from secure communication channels to the Tor network. These technologies were designed to provide privacy and security for users, but these ideals have also led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Craig Ellis

We present the Waterfilling circuit selection method, which we designed in order to mitigate the risks of a successful end-to-end traffic correlation attack. Waterfilling proceeds by balancing the Tor network load as evenly as possible on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Florentin Rochet , Olivier Pereira

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely heavily on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for accurate perception and navigation, providing high-resolution 3D environmental data that is crucial for object detection and classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

One of the main challenges faced by a user today is protecting their privacy, especially during widespread surveil- lance. This led to the development of privacy infrastructures whose main purpose is to guarantee users privacy. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Nethra Balasubramanian

Anonymity networks like Tor significantly enhance online privacy but are vulnerable to correlation attacks by state-level adversaries. While covert channels encapsulated in media protocols, particularly WebRTC-based encapsulation, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Afonso Vilalonga , João S. Resende , Henrique Domingos

The Tor anonymity network allows users such as political activists and those under repressive governments to protect their privacy when communicating over the internet. At the same time, Tor has been demonstrated to be vulnerable to several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Rachel King , Quinn Burke , Yohan Beugin , Blaine Hoak , Kunyang Li , Eric Pauley , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shawn Shan , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Cyberthreats are a permanent concern in our modern technological world. In the recent years, sophisticated traffic analysis techniques and anomaly detection (AD) algorithms have been employed to face the more and more subversive adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Paul Irofti , Andrei Pătraşcu , Andrei Iulian Hîji

Over the past decade, the Bitcoin P2P network protocol has become a reference model for all modern cryptocurrencies. While nodes in this network are known, the connections among them are kept hidden, as it is commonly believed that this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Federico Franzoni , Xavier Salleras , Vanesa Daza

Motivated by the effectiveness of correlation attacks against Tor, the censorship arms race, and observations of malicious relays in Tor, we propose that Tor users capture their trust in network elements using probability distributions over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Aaron D. Jaggard , Aaron Johnson , Paul Syverson , Joan Feigenbaum

We propose in this paper a new propagation vector for malicious software by abusing the Tor network. Tor is particularly relevant, since operating a Tor exit node is easy and involves low costs compared to attack institutional or ISP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Gerard Wagener , Alexandre Dulaunoy , Radu State

Anonymous communication networks have emerged as crucial tools for obfuscating communication pathways and concealing user identities. However, their practical deployments face significant challenges, including susceptibility to artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chao Ge , Wei Yuan , Ge Chen , Yanbin Pan , Yuan Shen

Tor, one of the most popular censorship circumvention systems, faces regular blocking attempts by censors. Thus, to facilitate access, it relies on "pluggable transports" (PTs) that disguise Tor's traffic and make it hard for the adversary…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zeya Umayya , Dhruv Malik , Devashish Gosain , Piyush Kumar Sharma

End-to-end encryption is a powerful tool for protecting the privacy of Internet users. Together with the increasing use of technologies such as Tor, VPNs, and encrypted messaging, it is becoming increasingly difficult for network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Tobias Pulls , Ethan Witwer

A core technique used by popular proxy-based circumvention systems like Tor, Psiphon, and Lantern is to secretly share the IP addresses of circumvention proxies with the censored clients for them to be able to use such systems. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Milad Nasr , Sadegh Farhang , Amir Houmansadr , Jens Grossklags