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Stream-based communication dominates today's Internet, posing unique challenges for anonymous communication networks (ACNs). Traditionally designed for independent messages, ACNs struggle to account for the inherent vulnerabilities of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Christoph Döpmann , Maximilian Weisenseel , Florian Tschorsch

Anonymity networks are providing practical mechanisms to protect its users against censorship by hiding their identity and information content. The best-known anonymity network, The Onion Routing (Tor) network, is however subject to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Anna Engelmann , Admela Jukan

Virtually every connection to an Internet service is preceded by a DNS lookup which is performed without any traffic-level protection, thus enabling manipulation, redirection, surveillance, and censorship. To address these issues, large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sandra Siby , Marc Juarez , Claudia Diaz , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez , Carmela Troncoso

Tor provides anonymity online by routing traffic through encrypted tunnels, called circuits, over paths of anonymizing relays. To enable users to connect to their selected destination servers without waiting for the circuit to be build, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Mohsen Imani , Mehrdad Amirabadi , Matthew Wright

Anonymity networks hide user identities with the help of relayed anonymity routers. However, the state-of-the-art anonymity networks do not provide an effective trust model. As a result, users cannot circumvent malicious or vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Peng Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Ang Chen , Rocky K. C. Chang

Since the Tor network is evolving into an infrastructure for anonymous communication, analyzing the consequences of network growth is becoming more relevant than ever. In particular, adding large amounts of resources may have unintentional…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Christoph Döpmann , Florian Tschorsch

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Anonymity services have seen high growth rates with increased usage in the past few years. Among various services, Tor is one of the most popular peer-to-peer anonymizing service. In this survey paper, we summarize, analyze, classify and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Saad Saleh , Junaid Qadir , Muhammad U. Ilyas

Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen

The proliferation of smart home Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents unprecedented challenges for preserving privacy within the home. In this paper, we demonstrate that a passive network observer (e.g., an Internet service provider)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Noah Apthorpe , Danny Yuxing Huang , Dillon Reisman , Arvind Narayanan , Nick Feamster

Ever since the introduction of the internet, it has been void of any privacy. The majority of internet traffic currently is and always has been unencrypted. A number of anonymous communication overlay networks exist whose aim it is to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Rolf Jagerman , Wendo Sabée , Laurens Versluis , Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

Over the last two decades, the scale and complexity of Anonymous networks and its associated technologies grows exponentially as privacy has become a major concern of individuals. Also, some cyber attackers make use of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Tian Yunfan , Zhang Xiang

Online voting enables individuals to participate in elections remotely, offering greater efficiency and accessibility in both governmental and organizational settings. As this method gains popularity, ensuring the security of online voting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Anastasiia Belousova , Francesco Marchiori , Mauro Conti

Tor is the most popular anonymous communication network. It has millions of daily users seeking privacy while browsing the internet. It has thousands of relays to route and anonymize the source and destinations of the users packets. To…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Hussein Darir , Nikita Borisov , Geir Dullerud

Like many routing protocols, the Tor anonymity network has decentralized path selection, in clients locally and independently choose paths. As a result, network resources may be left idle, leaving the system in a suboptimal state. This is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-14 John Geddes , Mike Schliep , Nicholas Hopper

The architectures of deployed anonymity systems such as Tor suffer from two key problems that limit user's trust in these systems. First, paths for anonymous communication are built without considering trust relationships between users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-09-03 Prateek Mittal , Matthew Wright , Nikita Borisov

Exploitation techniques targeting intermediate (transit) network nodes in public and private networks have been theoretically known and empirically proven to work for quite some time. However, very little effort has been made to look into…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-25 Daniel Kharitonov , Oscar Ibatullin

Despite being the most popular privacy-enhancing network, Tor is increasingly adopted by cybercriminals to obfuscate malicious traffic, hindering the identification of malware-related communications between compromised devices and Command…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ishan Karunanayake , Mashael AlSabah , Nadeem Ahmed , Sanjay Jha

Users of the Tor anonymity system suffer from lessthan- ideal performance, in part because circuit building and selection processes are not tuned for speed. In this paper, we examine both the process of selecting among pre-built circuits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Mohsen Imani , Mehrdad Amirabadi , Matthew Wright

The Tor anonymity network is difficult to measure because, if not done carefully, measurements could risk the privacy (and potentially the safety) of the network's users. Recent work has proposed the use of differential privacy and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Akshaya Mani , T Wilson-Brown , Rob Jansen , Aaron Johnson , Micah Sherr