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Given a family of graphs $G_1,\dots,G_{n}$ on the same vertex set $[n]$, a rainbow Hamilton cycle is a Hamilton cycle on $[n]$ such that each $G_c$ contributes exactly one edge. We prove that if $G_1,\dots,G_{n}$ are independent samples of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Asaf Ferber , Jie Han , Dingjia Mao

An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-05 Arash Ahadi , Ali Dehghan

There has been extensive studies on the following question: given $k$ graphs $G_1,\dots, G_k$ over a common vertex set of size $n$, what conditions on $G_i$ ensures a `colorful' copy of $H$, i.e., a copy of $H$ containing at most one edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-24 Debsoumya Chakraborti , Jaehoon Kim , Hyunwoo Lee , Hong Liu , Jaehyeon Seo

A path in an edge-colored graph is said to be a rainbow path if no two edges on the path have the same color. An edge-colored graph is (strongly) rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow (geodesic) path between every pair of vertices.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-09-28 Shasha Li , Xueliang Li

We study several basic problems about colouring the $p$-random subgraph $G_p$ of an arbitrary graph $G$, focusing primarily on the chromatic number and colouring number of $G_p$. In particular, we show that there exist infinitely many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Boris Bukh , Michael Krivelevich , Bhargav Narayanan

An edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be rainbow connected if between each pair of vertices there exists a path which uses each color at most once. The rainbow connection number, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-10-14 Eduard Eiben , Robert Ganian , Juho Lauri

We give a randomized algorithm that properly colors the vertices of a triangle-free graph G on n vertices using O(\Delta(G)/ log \Delta(G)) colors, where \Delta(G) is the maximum degree of G. The algorithm takes O(n\Delta2(G)log\Delta(G))…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Mohammad Shoaib Jamall

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. A heterochromatic (rainbow, or multicolored) path of $G$ is such a path in which no two edges have the same color. Let $d^c(v)$ denote the color degree and $CN(v)$ denote the color neighborhood of a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 He Chen , Xueliang Li

We propose the notion of a majority $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$, which is an edge-coloring of $G$ with $k$ colors such that, for every vertex $u$ of $G$, at most half the edges of $G$ incident with $u$ have the same color. We show the…

An edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if all its edges have distinct colors. In this paper, we study the rainbow analogue of a fundamental result of Mader [\emph{Math. Ann.} \textbf{174} (1967), 265--268] on the existence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Peiru Kuang , Yan Wang

The rainbow Tur\'an number $\mathrm{ex}^*(n,H)$ of a graph $H$ is the maximum possible number of edges in a properly edge-coloured $n$-vertex graph with no rainbow subgraph isomorphic to $H$. We prove that for any integer $k\geq 2$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Oliver Janzer

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $n$-vertex edge-colored graph. In 2013, H. Li proved that if every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at least $(n+1)/2$ distinctly colored edges, then $G$ admits a rainbow triangle. We establish a corresponding result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Andrzej Czygrinow , Theodore Molla , Brendan Nagle , Roy Oursler

We prove that a random graph $G(n,p)$, with $p$ above the Hamiltonicity threshold, is typically such that for any $r$-colouring of its edges there exists a Hamilton cycle with at least $(2/(r+ 1)-o(1))n$ edges of the same colour. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-22 Lior Gishboliner , Michael Krivelevich , Peleg Michaeli

An edge-colored graph $G$ is conflict-free connected if any two of its vertices are connected by a path which contains a color used on exactly one of its edges. The conflict-free connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Ran Gu , Xueliang Li

Given a `genus' function $g=g(n)$, we let $\mathcal{E}^g$ be the class of all graphs $G$ such that if $G$ has order $n$ (that is, has $n$ vertices) then it is embeddable in a surface of Euler genus at most $g(n)$. Let the random graph $R_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-18 Colin McDiarmid , Sophia Saller

A Gallai $k$-colouring of a graph $G$ is a colouring of $E(G)$ with $k$ colours that induces no rainbow triangles, that is, a triangle with edges of 3 different colours. We give a first step towards estimating the number of Gallai…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Fabrício S. Benevides , Rubens C. S. Monteiro , Guilherme O. Mota

Let $G$ be an edge-coloured graph. The minimum colour degree $\delta^c(G)$ of $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that, for every vertex $v$, there are at least $k$ distinct colours on edges incident to $v$. We say that $G$ is properly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Allan Lo

A rainbow path in an edge coloured graph is a path in which no two edges are coloured the same. A rainbow colouring of a connected graph G is a colouring of the edges of G such that every pair of vertices in G is connected by at least one…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-18 L. Sunil Chandran , Deepak Rajendraprasad , Marek Tesař

Suppose the vertices of a graph $G$ were labeled arbitrarily by positive integers, and let $Sum(v)$ denote the sum of labels over all neighbors of vertex $v$. A labeling is lucky if the function $Sum$ is a proper coloring of $G$, that is,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-26 Arash Ahadi , Ali Dehghan , Esmael Mollaahmadi

In this paper, we revisit the problem of sampling edges in an unknown graph $G = (V, E)$ from a distribution that is (pointwise) almost uniform over $E$. We consider the case where there is some a priori upper bound on the arboriciy of $G$.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Talya Eden , Dana Ron , Will Rosenbaum