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NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

Encoding data as a set of unordered strings is receiving great attention as it captures one of the basic features of DNA storage systems. However, the challenge of constructing optimal redundancy codes for this channel remained elusive. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jin Sima , Netanel Raviv , Jehoshua Bruck

The error correcting performance of multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND flash memory is closely related to the block length of error correcting codes (ECCs) and log-likelihood-ratios (LLRs) of the read-voltage thresholds. Driven by this issue, this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Cheng Wang , Kang Wei , Lingjun Kong , Long Shi , Zhen Mei , Jun Li , Kui Cai

For statistical learning, categorical variables in a table are usually considered as discrete entities and encoded separately to feature vectors, e.g., with one-hot encoding. "Dirty" non-curated data gives rise to categorical variables with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Patricio Cerda , Gaël Varoquaux , Balázs Kégl

Memorization impacts the performance of deep learning algorithms. Prior works have studied memorization primarily in the context of generalization and privacy. This work studies the memorization effect on incremental learning scenarios.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jędrzej Kozal , Jan Wasilewski , Alif Ashrafee , Bartosz Krawczyk , Michał Woźniak

Prices of NAND flash memories are falling drastically due to market growth and fabrication process mastering while research efforts from a technological point of view in terms of endurance and density are very active. NAND flash memories…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-09-17 Jalil Boukhobza , Pierre Olivier , Stéphane Rubini

Memory cores are usually the densest portion with the smallest feature size in system-on-chip (SOC) designs. The reliability of memory cores thus has heavy impact on the reliability of SOCs. Transparent test is one of useful technique for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Jin-Fu Li , Tsu-Wei Tseng , Chin-Long Wey

The generalization of representations learned via contrastive learning depends crucially on what features of the data are extracted. However, we observe that the contrastive loss does not always sufficiently guide which features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Joshua Robinson , Li Sun , Ke Yu , Kayhan Batmanghelich , Stefanie Jegelka , Suvrit Sra

Inspired by Costa's pioneering work on dirty paper coding (DPC), this paper proposes a novel scheme for integrated communication and computing (ICC), named Computing on Dirty Paper, whereby the transmission of discrete data symbols for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , David González G. , Carlo Fischione

We consider transmission over a binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel using low-density parity-check codes. One of the most popular techniques for decoding low-density parity-check codes is the linear programming decoder. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Shrinivas Kudekar , Jason K. Johnson , Misha Chertkov

Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) detectors, widely used to obtain digital imaging, can be damaged by high energy radiation. Degraded images appear blurred, because of an effect known as Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI), which trails bright…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-05 Richard Massey , Tim Schrabback , Oliver Cordes , Ole Marggraf , Holger Israel , Lance Miller , David Hall , Mark Cropper , Thibaut Prod'homme , Sami-Matias Niemi

In this work, we study a new model of defect memory cells, called partially stuck-at memory cells, which is motivated by the behavior of multi-level cells in non-volatile memories such as flash memories and phase change memories. If a cell…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally characterizing, mitigating, and recovering data retention errors in multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which was published in HPCA 2015, and examines the work's significance and future…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Yu Cai , Yixin Luo , Erich F. Haratsch , Ken Mai , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

In the present paper, a modification of the Index-less Indexed Flash Codes (ILIFC) for flash memory storage system is presented. Although the ILIFC proposed by Mahdavifar et al. has excellent worst case performance, the ILIFC can be further…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-18 Riki Suzuki , Tadashi Wadayama

We propose efficient coding schemes for two communication settings: 1. asymmetric channels, and 2. channels with an informed encoder. These settings are important in non-volatile memories, as well as optical and broadcast communication. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Eyal En Gad , Yue Li , Joerg Kliewer , Michael Langberg , Anxiao Jiang , Jehoshua Bruck

In this paper, we consider modulation codes for practical multilevel flash memory storage systems with cell levels. Instead of maximizing the lifetime of the device [Ajiang-isit07-01, Ajiang-isit07-02, Yaakobi_verdy_siegel_wolf_allerton08,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-13 Fan Zhang , Henry D. Pfister

We investigate the duality of the binary erasure channel (BEC) and the binary defect channel (BDC). This duality holds for channel capacities, capacity achieving schemes, minimum distances, and upper bounds on the probability of failure to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Yongjune Kim , B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar

Flash-based disk caches, for example Bcache and Flashcache, has gained tremendous popularity in industry in the last decade because of its low energy consumption, non-volatile nature and high I/O speed. But these cache systems have a worse…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Chaos Dong , Fang Wang , Jianshun Zhang

Inefficient data transfer between computation and memory inspired emerging processing-in-memory (PIM) technologies. Many PIM solutions enable storage and processing using memristors in a crossbar-array structure, with techniques such as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Orian Leitersdorf , Ben Perach , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

In this paper, we propose an encoding scheme for partitioned linear block codes (PLBC) which mask the stuck-at defects in memories. In addition, we derive an upper bound and the estimate of the probability that masking fails. Numerical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Yongjune Kim , B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar