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In 1972, Tutte posed the $3$-Flow Conjecture: that all $4$-edge-connected graphs have a nowhere zero $3$-flow. This was extended by Jaeger et al.(1992) to allow vertices to have a prescribed, possibly non-zero difference (modulo $3$)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Jamie V. de Jong

In this article we introduce the flow polynomial of a digraph and use it to study nowhere-zero flows from a commutative algebraic perspective. Using Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, we establish a relation between nowhere-zero flows and dual…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shmuel Onn

In 1983, A. Bouchet extended W.T. Tutte's notion of nowhere-zero flows to signed graphs, and conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. In this paper we prove that every flow-admissible signed graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Šámal

Let $\Gamma$ be a multigraph with for each vertex a cyclic order of the edges incident with it. For $n \geq 3$, let $D_{2n}$ be the dihedral group of order $2n$. Define $\mathbb{D} := \{(\begin{smallmatrix} 1 & a \\ 0 & 1 \end{smallmatrix})…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Bart Litjens

A set $R\subseteq E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is $k$-removable if $G-R$ has a nowhere-zero $k$-flow. We prove that every graph $G$ admitting a nowhere-zero $4$-flow has a $3$-removable subset consisting of at most $\frac{1}{6}|E(G)|$ edges. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Davide Mattiolo

Let $S,T$ be two distinct finite Abelian groups with $|S|=|T|$. A fundamental theorem of Tutte shows that a graph admits a nowhere-zero $S$-flow if and only if it admits a nowhere-zero $T$-flow. Jaeger, Linial, Payan and Tarsi in 1992…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-16 Miaomiao Han , Jiaao Li , Xueliang Li , Meiling Wang

In 1983, Bouchet proved that every bidirected graph with a nowhere-zero integer-flow has a nowhere-zero 216-flow, and conjectured that 216 could be replaced with 6. This paper shows that for cyclically 5-edge-connected bidirected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Sámal

We give a compact variation of Seymour's proof that every $2$-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$-flow.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse

We study the flow spectrum ${\cal S}(G)$ and the integer flow spectrum $\overline{{\cal S}}(G)$ of signed $(2t+1)$-regular graphs. We show that if $r \in {\cal S}(G)$, then $r = 2+\frac{1}{t}$ or $r \geq 2 + \frac{2}{2t-1}$. Furthermore, $2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-22 Michael Schubert , Eckhard Steffen

Let $G$ be a connected graph; denote by $\tau(G)$ the set of its spanning trees. Let $\mathbb F_q$ be a finite field, $s(\alpha,G)=\sum_{T\in\tau(G)} \prod_{e \in E(T)} \alpha_e$, where ${\alpha_e\in \mathbb F_q}$. Kontsevich conjectured in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-12 Eduard Yu. Lerner , Andrey P. Kuptsov , Sofya A. Mukhamedjanova

This paper deals with the location of the complex zeros of the Tutte polynomial for a class of self-dual graphs. For this class of graphs, as the form of the eigenvalues is known, the regions of the complex plane can be focused on the sets…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-19 Jean-Michel Billiot , Franck Corset , Eric Fontenas

An (r,alpha)-bounded excess flow ((r,alpha)-flow) in an orientation of a graph G=(V,E) is an assignment of a real "flow value" between 1 and r-1 to every edge. Rather than 0 as in an actual flow, some flow excess, which does not exceed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Michael Tarsi

We consider a nonlinear flow on simplicial complexes related to the simplicial Laplacian, and show that it is a generalization of various consensus and synchronization models commonly studied on networks. In particular, our model allows us…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Lee DeVille

This paper is devoted to a detailed study of nowhere-zero flows on signed eulerian graphs. We generalise the well-known fact about the existence of nowhere-zero $2$-flows in eulerian graphs by proving that every signed eulerian graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-04 Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera

Modular flows probe important aspects of the entanglement structures, especially those of QFTs, in a dynamical framework. Despite the expected non-local nature in the general cases, the majority of explicitly understood examples feature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-23 Guan-Cheng Lu , Huajia Wang

The problem of Maxflow is a widely developed subject in modern mathematics. Efficient algorithms exist to solve this problem, that is why a good generalization may permit these algorithms to be understood as a particular instance of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-07 Fabian Latorre

In this paper it is proved that near a compact, invariant, proper subset of a continuous flow on a compact, connected metric space, at least one, out of twenty eight relevant dynamical phenomena, will necessarily occur. This result shows…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-02-14 Pedro Teixeira

Lov\'{a}sz et al. proved that every $6$-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $3$-flow. In fact, they proved a more technical statement which says that there exists a nowhere zero $3$-flow that extends the flow prescribed on the incident…

We prove that a signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $8$-flow provided that it is flow-admissible and the underlying graph admits a nowhere-zero $4$-flow. When combined with the 4-color theorem, this implies that every flow-admissible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Rong Luo , Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera , Cun-Quan Zhang

A $d$-dimensional nowhere-zero $r$-flow on a graph $G$, an $(r,d)$-NZF from now on, is a flow where the value on each edge is an element of $\mathbb{R}^d$ whose (Euclidean) norm lies in the interval $[1, r-1]$. Such a notion is a natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-23 Davide Mattiolo , Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Jozef Rajník , Gloria Tabarelli