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I want to show one possibility to proof the Collatz conjecture, also called 3n+1 conjecture, for any natural number N. For this, I limit my analysis on the direct odd follower of every natural odd number and show the connections between the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Carolin Zöbelein

The Collatz map (or the $3n{+}1$-map) $f$ is defined on positive integers by setting $f(n)$ equal to $3n+1$ when $n$ is odd and $n/2$ when $n$ is even. The Collatz conjecture states that starting from any positive integer $n$, some iterate…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Takehiko Mori

Let $I_n(x)=\prod_{i=1}^n \left( 1+x^{F_{i+1}}\right)$, where $F_{i+1}$ denotes a Fibonacci number. Let $v_r(n)$ denote the sum of the $r$th powers of the coefficients of $I_n(x)$. Our prototypical result is that $\sum_{n\geq 0} v_2(n)x^n=…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-01 Richard P. Stanley

Let $\mathcal{S}$ denote the class of analytic and univalent ({\it i.e.}, one-to-one) functions $ f(z)= z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_n z^n$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$. For $f\in \mathcal{S}$, In 1999, Ma proposed the…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Vasudevarao Allu , Abhishek Pandey

The representation of numbers in rational base $p/q$ was introduced in 2008 by Akiyama, Frougny & Sakarovitch, with a special focus on the case $p/q=3/2$. Unnoticed since then, natural questions related to representations in that specific…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Shalom Eliahou , Jean-Louis Verger-Gaugry

For Tur\'an's (3, 4)-conjecture, in the case of n = 3k+1 vertices, (.5)6^{k-1} non-isomorphic complexes are constructed that attain the conjecture. In the case of n = 3k+2 vertices, 6^{k-1} non-isomorphic complexes are constructed that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-27 Andrew Frohmader

The Collatz Conjecture can be stated as: using the reduced Collatz function $C(n) = (3n+1)/2^x$ where $2^x$ is the largest power of 2 that divides $3n+1$, any odd integer $n$ will eventually reach 1 in $j$ iterations such that $C^j(n) = 1$.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Erhan Tezcan

The 3x+1 function T is defined on the positive integers by $T(x) = \frac{3x+1}{2}$ for x odd and $T(x) = \frac{x}{2}$ for x even. The function T has a natural extension to the 2-adic integers, and there is a continuous function $\Phi$ which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-01 Jonathan Yazinski

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Robert Santos

The 3x+1 problem is a difficult conjecture dealing with quite a simple algorithm on the positive integers. A possible approach is to go beyond the discrete nature of the problem, following M. Chamberland who used an analytic extension to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Nik Lygeros , Olivier Rozier

We study difference inequality systems for the 3x+1 problem introduced by the first author in 1989. These systemes can be used to give lower bounds for the number of integers below x that contain 1 in their forward orbit under the 3x+1 map.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-26 Ilia Krasikov , Jeffrey C. Lagarias

Open conjectures state that, for every $x\in[0,1]$, the orbit $\left(x_n\right)_{n=1}^\infty$ of the mean-median recursion $$x_{n+1}=(n+1)\cdot\mathrm{median}\left(x_1,\ldots,x_{n}\right)-\left(x_1+\cdots+x_n\right),\quad n\geqslant 3,$$…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Jonathan Hoseana

Discussion about the convergence and divergence of trajectories generated by certain functions derived from generalized 3x+1 mappings

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Robert Tremblay

We present some interesting observations on the 3x+1 problem. We propose a new algorithm which eliminates certain steps while we check the action of 3x+1 procedure on a number. Also, we propose a reason why many numbers follow a similar…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

We study the functorial and growth properties of closed orbits for maps. By viewing an arbitrary sequence as the orbit-counting function for a map, iterates and Cartesian products of maps define new transformations between integer…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-22 Apisit Pakapongpun , Thomas Ward

Consider the recursive relation generating a new positive integer $n_{\ell +1}$ from the positive integer $n_{\ell }$ according to the following simple rules: if the integer $n_{\ell }$ is odd, $n_{\ell +1}=3n_{\ell }+1$; if the integer…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Mario Bruschi , Francesco Calogero

We demonstrate that the number of cycles for two problems of the family of generalized 3x+1 mappings is possible finite.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-12 Robert Tremblay

Fix a prime N, and consider the action of the Hecke operator T_N on the space M_k(SL(2,Z)) of modular forms of full level and varying weight k. The coefficients of the matrix of T_N with respect to the basis {E_4^i E_6^j | 4i + 6j = k} for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-04-09 Hala Hajj Shehadeh , Samar Jaafar , Kamal Khuri-Makdisi

We propose the existence of an infinite class of exact analogues of the 3x+1 conjecture for rational numbers with fixed denominators. For some other denominators, there are several attracting cycles, which exhibit scaling and covariance…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Barry Brent