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We prove axiomatic characterizations of several important multiwinner rules within the class of approval-based committee choice rules. These are voting rules that return a set of (fixed-size) committees. In particular, we provide axiomatic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Martin Lackner , Piotr Skowron

In this note, we present a characterization of sets definable in Skolem arithmetic, i.e., the first-order theory of natural numbers with multiplication. This characterization allows us to prove the decidability of the theory. The idea is…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Łukasz Kamiński

The paper introduces the notion of the size of countable sets that preserves the Part-Whole Principle and generalizes the notion of the cardinality of finite sets. The sizes of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and all their…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Kateřina Trlifajová

Earlier papers \cite{VB2022,VB2023a,VB2023b} introduced the notions of a core and an index of a relation (an index being a special case of a core). A limited form of the axiom of choice was postulated -- specifically that all partial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ed Voermans , Jules Desharnais , Roland Backhouse

We consider the problem of characterizing isomorphisms of types, or, equivalently, constructive cardinality of sets, in the simultaneous presence of disjoint unions, Cartesian products, and exponentials. Mostly relying on results about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-11-04 Danko Ilik

The way that people make choices or exhibit preferences can be strongly affected by the set of available alternatives, often called the choice set. Furthermore, there are usually heterogeneous preferences, either at an individual level…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Kiran Tomlinson , Austin R. Benson

Turing's famous `machine' model constitutes the first intuitively convincing framework for computing with real numbers. Kleene's computation schemes S1-S9 extend Turing's approach to computing with objects of any finite type. Both…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-10 Sam Sanders

This article was motivated by the discovery of a potential new foundation for mainstream mathematics. The goals are to clarify the relationships between primitives, foundations, and deductive practice; to understand how to determine what…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Frank Quinn

These are notes on discrete mathematics for computer scientists. The presentation is somewhat unconventional. Indeed I begin with a discussion of the basic rules of mathematical reasoning and of the notion of proof formalized in a natural…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-05-06 Jean Gallier

We study the logical content of several maximality principles related to the finite intersection principle ($F\IP$) in set theory. Classically, these are all equivalent to the axiom of choice, but in the context of reverse mathematics their…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-12-15 Damir D. Dzhafarov , Carl Mummert

This dissertation investigates questions arising in the consistent histories formulation of the quantum mechanics of closed systems. Various criteria for approximate consistency are analysed. The connection between the Dowker-Halliwell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jim McElwaine

The sets used to construct other mathematical objects are pure sets, which means that all of their elements are sets, which are themselves pure. One set may therefore be within another, not as an element, but as an element of an element, or…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-16 Ruadhan O'Flanagan

We show that the Axiom of Dependent Choices, $\operatorname{DC}$, holds in countably iterable, passive premice $\mathcal{M}$ construced over their reals which satisfy the Axiom of Determinacy, $\operatorname{AD}$, in a…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-08 Sandra Müller

Whilst Power Kripke-Platek set theory, KPP, shares many properties with ordinary Kripke-Platek set theory, KP, in several ways it behaves quite differently from KP. This is perhaps most strikingly demonstrated by a result, due to Mathias,…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Michael Rathjen

We use sets of assignments, a.k.a. teams, and measures on them to define probabilities of first-order formulas in given data. We then axiomatise first-order properties of such probabilities and prove a completeness theorem for our…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-09 Tapani Hyttinen , Gianluca Paolini , Jouko Väänänen

This paper presents four theorems that connect continuity postulates in mathematical economics to solvability axioms in mathematical psychology, and ranks them under alternative supplementary assumptions. Theorem 1 connects notions of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-12 Aniruddha Ghosh , M. Ali Khan , Metin Uyanik

Termination of logic programs depends critically on the selection rule, i.e. the rule that determines which atom is selected in each resolution step. In this article, we classify programs (and queries) according to the selection rules for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Ruggieri , Jan-Georg Smaus

We present a type theory with some proof-irrelevance built into the conversion rule. We argue that this feature is useful when type theory is used as the logical formalism underlying a theorem prover. We also show a close relation with the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Benjamin Werner

I provide simplified proofs for each of the following fundamental theorems regarding selection principles: 1. The Quasinormal Convergence Theorem, due to the author and Zdomskyy, asserting that a certain, important property of the space of…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Boaz Tsaban

We provide, for any regular uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, a new argument for Pincus' result on the consistency of $\mathrm{ZF}$ with the higher dependent choice principle $\mathrm{DC}_{<\kappa}$ and the ordering principle in the presence…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Peter Holy , Jonathan Schilhan