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This review briefly illustrates a few fundamental concepts of cryogenic engineering, the technological practice that allows reaching and maintaining the low-temperature operating conditions of the superconducting devices needed in particle…
We developed a simple, flexible, low-cost, and computer-controlled cryogenic temperature measurement system for undergraduate instructional laboratories. An Arduino microcontroller board measures the voltage across a silicon diode to…
The development of cryogenic calorimeters was originally motivated by the fact that very low energy thresholds and excellent energy resolutions can be achieved by these devices. Cryogenic devices are widely used in double beta decay…
The revolution in artificial intelligence (AI) brings up an enormous storage and data processing requirement. Large power consumption and hardware overhead have become the main challenges for building next-generation AI hardware. To…
Temperature is a fundamental regulator of chemical and biochemical kinetics, yet capturing nonlinear thermal effects directly from experimental data remains a major challenge due to limited throughput and model flexibility. Recent advances…
In the present work, we consider multi-scale computation and convergence for nonlinear time-dependent thermo-mechanical equations of inhomogeneous shells possessing temperature-dependent material properties and orthogonal periodic…
Superconducting electronics are among the most promising alternatives to conventional CMOS technology thanks to the ultra-fast speed and ultra-high energy efficiency of the superconducting devices. Having a cryogenic control processor is…
We report on a non-interacting technique for thermal characterization of fluids based on surface plasmon resonance interrogation. Using liquid volumes less than 20 micro liters we have determined the materials' thermo-optic coefficients…
The first part of this chapter gives an introduction to heat transfer and cooling techniques at low temperature. We review the fundamental laws of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) and give useful data specific to…
Cryogenic semiconductor device models are essential in designing control systems for quantum devices and in benchmarking the benefits of cryogenic cooling for high-performance computing. In particular, the saturation of subthreshold swing…
The ability to induce regions of high and low ionic concentration adjacent to a permeselective membrane or nanochannel subject to an externally applied electric field (a phenomenon termed concentration-polarization) has been used for a…
Thermogenesis is a physiological activity of releasing heat that originates from intracellular biochemical reactions. Recent experimental studies discovered that externally applied heat changes intracellular signaling locally, resulting in…
We present a new algorithm to design lightweight cellular materials with required properties in a multi-physics context. In particular, we focus on a thermo-mechanical setting, by promoting the design of unit cells characterized both by an…
Cooling systems based on the caloric effects of ferroic materials show high potential for various cooling and heat-pumping applications due to their potentially high efficiencies and the lack of any environmentally hazardous refrigerants.…
Improvement of thermoelectric systems in terms of performance and range of applications relies on progress in materials science and optimization of device operation. In this chapter, we focuse on optimization by taking into account the…
In this work we briefly present a thermomechanical model that could serve as starting point for industrial applications. We address the non-linearity due to temperature dependence of material properties and heterogeneity due to presence of…
Hydrogen fuel cells are a key technology in the transition toward carbon-neutral energy systems, offering clean power with water as the only byproduct. Microfluidic fuel cells, which operate at the microliter scale, are an emerging variant…
Accurate on-chip temperature sensing is critical for the optimal performance of modern CMOS integrated circuits (ICs), to understand and monitor localized heating around the chip during operation. The development of quantum computers has…
Microfabricated ion-trap devices offer a promising pathway towards scalable quantum computing. Research efforts have begun to focus on the engineering challenges associated with developing large-scale ion-trap arrays and networks. However,…
High power density systems require efficient cooling to maintain their thermal performance. Despite this, as systems get larger and more complex, human practice and insight may not suffice to determine the desired thermal management system…