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We consider sums of the form \[\sum_{j=0}^{n-1}F_1(a_1n+b_1j+c_1)F_2(a_2n+b_2j+c_2)... F_k(a_kn+b_kj+c_k),\] in which each $\{F_i(n)\}$ is a sequence that satisfies a linear recurrence of degree $D(i)<\infty$, with constant coefficients. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Curtis Greene , Herbert S. Wilf

We discuss the summation of certain series defined by counting blocks of digits in the $B$-ary expansion of an integer. For example, if $s_2(n)$ denotes the sum of the base-2 digits of $n$, we show that $\sum_{n \geq 1} s_2(n)/(2n(2n+1)) =…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jean-Paul Allouche , Jeffrey Shallit , Jonathan Sondow

Tuenter [Fibonacci Quarterly 40 (2002), 175-180] and other authors have considered centred binomial sums of the form \[S_r(n) = \sum_k \binom{2n}{k}|n-k|^r,\] where $r$ and $n$ are non-negative integers. We consider sums of the form…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-28 Richard P. Brent

In correspondence with Goldbach, Euler began investigating series of the form $\sum_{k \geq 1} k^{-m}\left(1 + 2^{-n} + \cdots + k^{-n}\right)$, which are known today as Euler sums. For the case where $n=1$ and $m \geq 2$, Euler was able to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Wilson J. Chen , Vincent Nguyen

Multiple binomial sums form a large class of multi-indexed sequences, closed under partial summation, which contains most of the sequences obtained by multiple summation of products of binomial coefficients and also all the sequences with…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Alin Bostan , Pierre Lairez , Bruno Salvy

A sequence of rational numbers as a generalization of the sequence of Bernoulli numbers is introduced. Sums of products involving the terms of this generalized sequence are then obtained using an application of the Fa\`a di Bruno's formula.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Jitender Singh

We introduce a subclass of linear recurrence sequences which we call poly-rational sequences because they are denoted by rational expressions closed under sum and product. We show that this class is robust by giving several…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Corentin Barloy , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Nathan Lhote , Filip Mazowiecki

This paper presents a family of rapidly convergent summation formulas for various finite sums of analytic functions. These summation formulas are obtained by applying a series acceleration transformation involving Stirling numbers of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Raphael Schumacher

Let $\{a_{1}, a_{2},\ldots, a_{n},\ldots\}$ be a sequence of complex numbers which has at most polynomial growth and satisfies an extra assumption. In this paper, inspired by a recent work of Sasane, we give an explanation of the sum…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Su Hu , Min-Soo Kim

The binomial convolution of two sequences $\{a_n\}$ and $\{b_n\}$ is the sequence whose $n$th term is $\sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a_k b_{n-k}$. If $\{a_n\}$ and $\{b_n\}$ have rational generating functions then so does their binomial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Ira M. Gessel , Ishan Kar

Infinite series of the type Sum{n=1,infinity}(alpha/2)_n_2F_1(-n, b; gamma; y)/(n n!) are investigated. Closed-form sums are obtained for alpha a positive integer alpha=1,2,3, ... The limiting case of b --> infinity, after y is replaced…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Nasser Saad , Richard L. Hall

Power series in which the summand satisfies a linear recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients are shown to be the solution of a linear differential or algebraic equation. Solving the associated differential or algebraic equation…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Erik Talvila

For any two arithmetic functions $f,g$ let $\bullet$ be the commutative and associative arithmetic convolution $(f\bullet g)(k):=\sum_{m=0}^k \left( \begin{array}{c} k m \end{array} \right)f(m)g(k-m)$ and for any $n\in\mathbb{N},$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Jitender Singh

A summation is a shift-invariant ${\rm R}$-module homomorphism from a submodule of ${\rm R}[[\sigma]]$ to ${\rm R}$ or another ring. [11] formalized a method for extending a summation to a larger domain by telescoping. In this paper, we…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Robert Dawson , Grant Molnar

Consider an ordinary generating function $\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}c_kx^k$, of an integer sequence of some combinatorial relevance, and assume that it admits a closed form $C(x)$. Various instances are known where the corresponding truncated sum…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Sandro Mattarei , Roberto Tauraso

We study sums of the form $\sum_{k=m}^n a_{nk} b_{km}$, where $a_{nk}$ and $b_{km}$ are binomial coefficients or unsigned Stirling numbers. In a few cases they can be written in closed form. Failing that, the sums still share many common…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Marin Knežević , Vedran Krčadinac , Lucija Relić

Let $H_k = 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + \cdots + 1/k$ denote the $k$th harmonic number. We present an easy-to-implement algorithm for the computation of explicit closed-form evaluations, in terms of the digamma and polygamma functions, for Euler sums of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-06 David H Bailey , Ross McPhedran , Bruno Salvy

Summation formulas, such as the Euler-Maclaurin expansion or Gregory's quadrature, have found many applications in mathematics, ranging from accelerating series, to evaluating fractional sums and analyzing asymptotics, among others. We show…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

We give explicit evaluations of the linear and non-linear Euler sums of hyperharmonic numbers $h_{n}^{\left( r\right) }$ with reciprocal binomial coefficients. These evaluations enable us to extend closed form formula of Euler sums of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Levent Kargın , Mümün Can , Ayhan Dil , Mehmet Cenkci

In this paper certain classes of infinite sums involving special functions are evaluated analytically by application of basic quantum mechanical principles to simple models of half harmonic oscillator and a particle trapped inside an…

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