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Let $C(n)$ denote the number of permutations $\sigma$ of $[n]=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ such that $\gcd(j,\sigma(j))=1$ for each $j\in[n]$. We prove that for $n$ sufficiently large, $n!/3.73^n < C(n) < n!/2.5^n$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Carl Pomerance

Let T_k^m={\sigma \in S_k | \sigma_1=m}. We prove that the number of permutations which avoid all patterns in T_k^m equals (k-2)!(k-1)^{n+1-k} for k <= n. We then prove that for any \tau in T_k^1 (or any \tau in T_k^k), the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 T. Mansour

We propose a non-autoregressive framework for the Travelling Salesman Problem where solutions emerge directly from learned permutations, without requiring explicit search. By applying a similarity transformation to Hamiltonian cycles, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

Given a string $T$ of length $n$ over an alphabet $\Sigma\subset \{1,2,\ldots,n^{O(1)}\}$ of size $\sigma$, we are to preprocess $T$ so that given a range $[i,j]$, we can return a representation of a shortest string over $\Sigma$ that is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Golnaz Badkobeh , Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Dmitry Kosolobov , Solon P. Pissis

Suppose we are given an infinite sequence of input cells, each initialized with a uniform random symbol from $[n]$. How hard is it to output a sequence in $[n]^n$ that is close to a uniform random permutation? Viola (SICOMP 2020)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yaroslav Alekseev , Mika Göös , Konstantin Myasnikov , Artur Riazanov , Dmitry Sokolov

String matching is the problem of deciding whether a given $n$-bit string contains a given $k$-bit pattern. We study the complexity of this problem in three settings. Communication complexity. For small $k$, we provide near-optimal upper…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Alexander Golovnev , Mika Göös , Daniel Reichman , Igor Shinkar

The Shortest Common Supersequence problem (SCS for short) consists in finding a shortest common supersequence of a finite set of words on a fixed alphabet Sigma. It is well-known that its decision version denoted [SR8] in [Garey and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Aurélie Lagoutte , Sébastien Tavenas

This paper is example 5 in chapter 5. Let H be an n-cycle. A permutation s is H-admissible if Hs = H' where H' is an n-cycle. Here we define a 19 X 19 matrix, M, in the following way: We obtain the remainders modulo 100 of each of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-01 Howard Kleiman

In this paper, we investigate the reconstruction of permutations on {1, 2, ..., n} from betweenness constraints involving the minimum and the maximum element located between t and t+1, for all t=1, 2, ..., n-1. We propose two variants of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-15 Irena Rusu

A permutation graph is a graph that can be derived from a permutation, where the vertices correspond to letters of the permutation, and the edges represent inversions. We provide a construction to show that there are infinitely many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-23 Aysel Erey , Zachary Gershkoff , Amanda Lohss , Ranjan Rohatgi

We note that if a sequence of real numbers converges to some limit, then the sequence of the corresponding strings in the surreal $+,-$ sign expansion representation converges, for a natural notion of string convergence, to the string…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-03-17 Paolo Lipparini , István Mezö

An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N. We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms, and find the formula for their complexity.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Alexander Valyuzhenich

Let $\pi_n$ be a uniformly chosen random permutation on $[n]$. The authors of [2] showed that the expected number of distinct consecutive patterns of all lengths $k\in\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ in $\pi_n$ was $\frac{n^2}{2}(1-o(1))$ as $n\to\infty$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Verónica Borrás-Serrano , Isabel Byrne , Anant Godbole , Nathaniel Veimau

In this paper, we proposed an interesting problem that might be classified into enumerative combinatorics. Featuring a distinctive two-fold dependence upon the sequences' terms, our problem can be really difficult, which calls for novel…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-07-29 Zan Pan

In the longest common substring problem, we are given two strings of length $n$ and must find a substring of maximal length that occurs in both strings. It is well known that the problem can be solved in linear time, but the solution is not…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski , Tatiana Starikovskaya

A permutation is \it separable \rm if it can be obtained from the singleton permutation by iterating direct sums and skew sums. Equivalently, it is separable if and only it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142. Under the uniform probability on…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Ross G. Pinsky

We provide exact and approximation methods for solving a geometric relaxation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that occurs in curve reconstruction: for a given set of vertices in the plane, the problem Minimum Perimeter Polygon (MPP)…

We report (to our knowledge) the first evaluation of Constraint Satisfaction as a computational framework for solving closest string problems. We show that careful consideration of symbol occurrences can provide search heuristics that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-05-04 Tom Kelsey , Lars Kotthoff

In this work we consider the problem of finding the minimum-weight loop cover of an undirected graph. This combinatorial optimization problem is called 2-matching and can be seen as a relaxation of the traveling salesman problem since one…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-28 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta

Motivated by computing duplication patterns in sequences, a new fundamental problem called the longest subsequence-repeated subsequence (LSRS) is proposed. Given a sequence $S$ of length $n$, a letter-repeated subsequence is a subsequence…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Manuel Lafond , Wenfeng Lai , Adiesha Liyanage , Binhai Zhu