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A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of all color classes differ by at most $1$. For a list assignment $L$ of $k$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

Let $G$ be a graph. An acyclic $k$-coloring of $G$ is a map $c:V(G)\rightarrow \{1,\dots,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ for any $uv\in E(G)$ and the subgraph induced by the vertices of any two colors $i,j\in \{1,\dots,k\}$ is a forest. If…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Marcin Anholcer , Sylwia Cichacz , Iztok Peterin

The $H$-Coloring problem is a well-known generalization of the classical NP-complete problem $k$-Coloring where the task is to determine whether an input graph admits a homomorphism to the template graph $H$. This problem has been the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Ambroise Baril , Miguel Couceiro , Victor Lagerkvist

Let G be a graph. It was proved that if G is a planar graph without {4, 6, 7}-cycles and without two 5-cycles sharing exactly one edge, then G 3-colorable. We observed that the proof of this result is not correct.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-21 S. Akbari , Behrooz Bagheri Gh

The (weak) chromatic number of a hypergraph $H$, denoted by $\chi(H)$, is the smallest number of colors required to color the vertices of $H$ so that no hyperedge of $H$ is monochromatic. For every $2\le k\le d+1$, denote by $\chi_L(k,d)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Seunghun Lee , Eran Nevo

It is shown that any graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ in which the average degree of the induced subgraph on the set of all neighbors of any vertex exceeds $\frac{6k^2}{6k^2 + 1}\Delta + k + 6$ is either $(\Delta - k)$-colorable or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-02 Landon Rabern

We say that a graph $G$ has an {\em odd $K_4$-subdivision} if some subgraph of $G$ is isomorphic to a $K_4$-subdivision and whose faces are all odd holes of $G$. For a number $\ell\geq 2$, let $\mathcal{G}_{\ell}$ denote the family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Rong Chen , Yidong Zhou

A harmonious coloring of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$ is a vertex coloring such that no two vertices in the same edge have the same color, and each $k$-element subset of colors appears on at most one edge. The harmonious number $h(H)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Sebastian Czerwiński

For graphs $G$ and $H$, an $H$-coloring of $G$ is an edge-preserving mapping from $V(G)$ to $V(H)$. Note that if $H$ is the triangle, then $H$-colorings are equivalent to $3$-colorings. In this paper we are interested in the case that $H$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Jan Goedgebeur , Jorik Jooken , Karolina Okrasa , Paweł Rzążewski , Oliver Schaudt

Proper graph coloring assigns different colors to adjacent vertices of the graph. Usually, the number of colors is fixed or as small as possible. Consider applications (e.g. variants of scheduling) where colors represent limited resources…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Tomáš Masařík

An acyclic edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring such that no bichromatic cycles are produced. The acyclic chromatic index $a'(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ has an acyclic edge coloring using $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-01 Weifan Wang , Qiaojun Shu , Yiqiao Wang

Let $G$ be a graph and $f:V(G)\rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ be a function. An $f$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge coloring such that each color appears at each vertex $v\in V(G)$ at most $f (v)$ times. The minimum number of colors needed to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-20 S. Akbari , M. Chavooshi , M. Ghanbari , R. Manaviyat

Here we prove that a graph without some three induced subgraphs has chromatic number at the most equal to its maximum clique size plus one. Further we show that the bounds are tight and give examples to show that each of the three forbidden…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-29 Medha Dhurandhar

A graph $G$ is \textit{$k$-critical} if $\chi(G) = k$ and every proper subgraph of $G$ is $(k - 1)$-colorable, and if $L$ is a list-assignment for $G$, then $G$ is \textit{$L$-critical} if $G$ is not $L$-colorable but every proper induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Tom Kelly , Luke Postle

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and let $\mathcal{L}_k$ be an arbitrary function that assigns each vertex in $G$ a list of $k$ colours. Then $G$ is $\mathcal{L}_k$-list colourable if there exists a proper colouring of the vertices of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-12 Jeannette Janssen , Rogers Mathew , Deepak Rajendraprasad

We initiate the study of total-coloring extensions, and focus our attention on planar graphs, asking: ``When can a total-$k$-coloring of some subgraph $H$ of a planar graph $G$ be extended to a total-$k$-coloring of $G$?'' We prove that if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Owen Henderschedt , Jessica McDonald

Let $H$ and $G$ be graphs. An $H$-colouring of $G$ is a proper edge-colouring $f:E(G)\rightarrow E(H)$ such that for any vertex $u\in V(G)$ there exists a vertex $v\in V(H)$ with $f\left (\partial_Gu\right )=\partial_Hv$, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-29 Giuseppe Mazzuoccolo , Gloria Tabarelli , Jean Paul Zerafa

Let $G$ be an edge-coloured graph. The minimum colour degree $\delta^c(G)$ of $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that, for every vertex $v$, there are at least $k$ distinct colours on edges incident to $v$. We say that $G$ is properly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Allan Lo

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$ is called monochromatic if any two edges on the path have the same color. For $k\geq 2$, an edge-colored graph $G$ is said to be monochromatic $k$-edge-connected if every two distinct vertices of $G$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Ping Li , Xueliang Li

A $k$-uniform hypergraph (or $k$-graph) $H = (V, E)$ is $k$-partite if $V$ can be partitioned into $k$ sets $V_1, \ldots, V_k$ such that each edge in $E$ contains precisely one vertex from each $V_i$. In this note, we consider list…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Abhishek Dhawan