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The article presents the first results of a PhD study connected to testing of safety critical medical devices: a systematically executed case study at a Hungarian manufacturer of medical devices. The article shortly describes the process of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Miklos Taliga

Context: Ensuring safety for any sophisticated system is getting more complex due to the rising number of features and functionalities. This calls for formal methods to entrust confidence in such systems. Nevertheless, using formal methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Arut Prakash Kaleeswaran , Arne Nordmann , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

The scope of automotive functions has grown from a single-vehicle as an entity to multiple vehicles working together as an entity, referred to as cooperative driving. The current automotive safety standard, ISO 26262, is designed for single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sangeeth Kochanthara , Niels Rood , Arash Khabbaz Saberi , Loek Cleophas , Yanja Dajsuren , Mark van den Brand

The promise of increased road safety is a key motivator for the development of automated vehicles (AV). Yet, demonstrating that an AV is as safe as, or even safer than, a human-driven vehicle has proven to be challenging. Should an AV be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Max Winkelmann , Constantin Vasconi , Steffen Müller

Various mobility applications like advanced driver assistance systems increasingly utilize artificial intelligence (AI) based functionalities. Typically, deep neural networks (DNNs) are used as these provide the best performance on the…

Extensive evaluation of perception systems is crucial for ensuring the safety of intelligent vehicles in complex driving scenarios. Conventional performance metrics such as precision, recall and the F1-score assess the overall detection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jörg Gamerdinger , Sven Teufel , Stephan Amann , Lukas Marc Listl , Oliver Bringmann

The increasing automation of vehicles is resulting in the integration of more extensive in-vehicle sensor systems, electronic control units, and software. Additionally, vehicle-to-everything communication is seen as an opportunity to extend…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Laurenz Adolph , barbara Schütt , David Kraus , Eric Sax

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) enhance highway safety by improving environmental perception and reducing human errors. However, misconceptions, trust issues, and knowledge gaps hinder widespread adoption. This study examines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hannah Musau , Nana Kankam Gyimah , Judith Mwakalonge , Gurcan Comert , Saidi Siuhi

Highly automated vehicles represent one of the most crucial development efforts in the automotive industry. In addition to the use of research vehicles, production vehicles for the general public are realistic in the near future. However,…

The widescale deployment of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) seems to be imminent despite many safety challenges that are yet to be resolved. It is well known that there are no universally agreed Verification and Validation (VV) methodologies to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

With continuous advancements in science and technology, there is increasing focus on environmental sustainability, leading to heightened interest in autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). AEVs hold significant potential for enhancing electric…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Qasim Ajao , Lanre Sadeeq

Despite large progress in Explainable and Safe AI, practitioners suffer from a lack of regulation and standards for AI safety. In this work we merge recent regulation efforts by the European Union and first proposals for AI guidelines with…

Autonomous Robotics Systems are inherently safety-critical and have complex safety issues to consider (for example, a safety failure can lead to a safety failure). Before they are deployed, these systems of have to show evidence that they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Matt Luckcuck , Marie Farrell

Challenges related to automated driving are no longer focused on just the construction of such automated vehicles (AVs), but in assuring the safety of their operation. Recent advances in Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving have motivated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Tong Zhao , Ekim Yurtsever , Joel Paulson , Giorgio Rizzoni

Autonomous driving has shown great potential to reform modern transportation. Yet its reliability and safety have drawn a lot of attention and concerns. Compared with traditional software systems, autonomous driving systems (ADSs) often use…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Guannan Lou , Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Mengshi Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

Autonomous systems use independent decision-making with only limited human intervention to accomplish goals in complex and unpredictable environments. As the autonomy technologies that underpin them continue to advance, these systems will…

Automotive engineering makes extensive use of numerical simulation throughout the design process. The development of numerical models, their validation against experimental tests, and their updating during vehicle and engine projects…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Di Jiang , Sebastian Rodriguez , Herve Colin , Yves Tourbier , Francisco Chinesta

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Recently, a number of simulation testing approaches have been proposed to generate diverse driving scenarios for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) testing. However, the behaviors of NPC vehicles in these scenarios generated by previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-25 You Lu , Yifan Tian , Dingji Wang , Bihuan Chen , Xin Peng