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We combine the method of exchangeable pairs with Stein's method for functional approximation. As a result, we give a general linearity condition under which an abstract Gaussian approximation theorem for stochastic processes holds. We apply…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Mikolaj J. Kasprzak

We obtain a Stein characterisation of the distribution of the product of two correlated normal random variables with non-zero means, and more generally the distribution of the sum of independent copies of such random variables. Our Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Robert E. Gaunt , Siqi Li , Heather L. Sutcliffe

Recently there have been increasing interests in learning and inference with implicit distributions (i.e., distributions without tractable densities). To this end, we develop a gradient estimator for implicit distributions based on Stein's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-11 Jiaxin Shi , Shengyang Sun , Jun Zhu

In many fields, data appears in the form of direction (unit vector) and usual statistical procedures are not applicable to such directional data. In this study, we propose non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures for general…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-18 Wenkai Xu , Takeru Matsuda

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the approaches taken by Chatterjee-Meckes and Reinert-R\"ollin in adapting Stein's method of exchangeable pairs for multivariate normal approximation. The more general linear regression condition…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-05-18 Elizabeth S. Meckes

By the continuous mapping theorem, if a sequence of $d$-dimensional random vectors $(\mathbf{W}_n)_{n\geq1}$ converges in distribution to a multivariate normal random variable $\Sigma^{1/2}\mathbf{Z}$, then the sequence of random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Robert E. Gaunt

In this article, we present the theoretical basis for an approach to Stein's method for probability distributions on Riemannian manifolds. Using a semigroup representation for the solution to the Stein equation, we use tools from stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-28 James Thompson

Stein's method is used to obtain two theorems on multivariate normal approximation. Our main theorem, Theorem 1.2, provides a bound on the distance to normality for any nonnegative random vector. Theorem 1.2 requires multivariate size bias…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Larry Goldstein , Yosef Rinott

We develop Stein's method for the half-normal distribution and apply it to derive rates of convergence in distributional limit theorems for three statistics of the simple symmetric random walk: the maximum value, the number of returns to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Christian Döbler

Stein's method provides a way of bounding the distance of a probability distribution to a target distribution $\mu$. Here we develop Stein's method for the class of discrete Gibbs measures with a density $e^V$, where $V$ is the energy…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-08-22 Peter Eichelsbacher , Gesine Reinert

We introduce a density-power weighted variant for the Stein operator, called the $\gamma$-Stein operator. This is a novel class of operators derived from the $\gamma$-divergence, designed to build robust inference methods for unnormalized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Shinto Eguchi

Stein's method is a powerful technique for proving central limit theorems in probability theory when more straightforward approaches cannot be implemented easily. This article begins with a survey of the historical development of Stein's…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-08 Sourav Chatterjee

We propose a way of finding a Stein type characterization of a given absolutely continuous distribution $\mu$ on $\R$ which is motivated by a regression property satisfied by an exchangeable pair $(W,W')$ where $\calL(W)$ is supposed or…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Christian Döbler

The concentration inequality approach for normal approximation by Stein's method is generalized to the multivariate setting. We use this approach to prove a non-smooth function distance for multivariate normal approximation for standardized…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Louis H. Y. Chen , Xiao Fang

Gradient estimation -- approximating the gradient of an expectation with respect to the parameters of a distribution -- is central to the solution of many machine learning problems. However, when the distribution is discrete, most common…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-16 Jiaxin Shi , Yuhao Zhou , Jessica Hwang , Michalis K. Titsias , Lester Mackey

Stein's method for Gaussian process approximation can be used to bound the differences between the expectations of smooth functionals $h$ of a c\`adl\`ag random process $X$ of interest and the expectations of the same functionals of a well…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-15 A. D. Barbour , Nathan Ross , Guangqu Zheng

We derive Stein approximation bounds for functionals of uniform random variables, using chaos expansions and the Clark-Ocone representation formula combined with derivation and finite difference operators. This approach covers sums and…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Nicolas Privault , Grzegorz Serafin

We detail an approach to develop Stein's method for bounding integral metrics on probability measures defined on a Riemannian manifold $\mathbf M$. Our approach exploits the relationship between the generator of a diffusion on $\mathbf M$…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Huiling Le , Alexander Lewis , Karthik Bharath , Christopher Fallaize

Motivated by the omnipresence of extreme value distributions in limit theorems involving extremes of random processes, we adapt Stein's method to include these laws as possible target distributions. We do so by using the generator approach…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Bruno Costacèque , Laurent Decreusefond

Stein's method has been widely used for probability approximations. However, in the multi-dimensional setting, most of the results are for multivariate normal approximation or for test functions with bounded second- or higher-order…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Xiao Fang , Qi-Man Shao , Lihu Xu