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We undertake a critical evaluation of recent observational information on $\Omega_m$ and $\Omega_\Lambda$ in order to identify possible sources of systematic errors and effects of simplified statistical analyses. We combine observations for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 S. M. Harun-or-Rashid , M. Roos

Driven by applications in telecommunication networks, we explore the simulation task of estimating rare event probabilities for tandem queues in their steady state. Existing literature has recognized that importance sampling methods can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ruoning Zhao , Xinyun Chen

Conventional Monte Carlo simulations are stochastic in the sense that the acceptance of a trial move is decided by comparing a computed acceptance probability with a random number, uniformly distributed between 0 and 1. Here we consider the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-24 Daan Frenkel , K. Julian Schrenk , Stefano Martiniani

Calibration is a popular framework to evaluate whether a classifier knows when it does not know - i.e., its predictive probabilities are a good indication of how likely a prediction is to be correct. Correctness is commonly estimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joris Baan , Wilker Aziz , Barbara Plank , Raquel Fernández

This paper is a tutorial and literature review on sampling algorithms. We have two main types of sampling in statistics. The first type is survey sampling which draws samples from a set or population. The second type is sampling from…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-03 Benyamin Ghojogh , Hadi Nekoei , Aydin Ghojogh , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

This paper deals with the scenario approach to robust optimization. This relies on a random sampling of the possibly infinite number of constraints induced by uncertainties in the parameters of an optimization problem. Solving the resulting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Fabien Lauer

In nonparametric statistics an optimality criterion for estimation procedures is provided by the minimax rate of convergence. However this classical point of view is subject to controversy as it requires to look for the worst behaviour…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-02-20 A. Fraysse

We study algorithmically random closed subsets of $2^\omega$, algorithmically random continuous functions from $2^\omega$ to $2^\omega$, and algorithmically random Borel probability measures on $2^\omega$, especially the interplay between…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-24 Quinn Culver , Christopher P. Porter

The paper aims at reconsidering the famous Le Cam LAN theory. The main features of the approach which make it different from the classical one are as follows: (1) the study is nonasymptotic, that is, the sample size is fixed and does not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-06 Vladimir Spokoiny

Probabilistic models require the notion of event space for defining a probability measure. An event space has a probability measure which ensues the Kolmogorov axioms. However, the probabilities observed from distinct sources, such as that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-03-13 Massimo Melucci

For obtaining causal inferences that are objective, and therefore have the best chance of revealing scientific truths, carefully designed and executed randomized experiments are generally considered to be the gold standard. Observational…

Applications · Statistics 2008-11-12 Donald B. Rubin

There are many randomness notions. On the classical account, many of them are about whether a given infinite binary sequence is random for some given probability. If so, this probability turns out to be the same for all these notions, so…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-19 Floris Persiau , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

Non-deterministic measurements are common in real-world scenarios: the performance of a stochastic optimization algorithm or the total reward of a reinforcement learning agent in a chaotic environment are just two examples in which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-31 Etor Arza , Josu Ceberio , Ekhiñe Irurozki , Aritz Pérez

Many prediction tasks can admit multiple models that can perform almost equally well. This phenomenon can can undermine interpretability and safety when competing models assign conflicting predictions to individuals. In this work, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Erin George , Deanna Needell , Berk Ustun

It is becoming increasingly apparent that probabilistic approaches can overcome conservatism and computational complexity of the classical worst-case deterministic framework and may lead to designs that are actually safer. In this paper we…

Applications · Statistics 2008-11-01 Xinjia Chen , Kemin Zhou , Jorge L. Aravena

Algorithmic theories of randomness can be related to theories of probabilistic sequence prediction through the notion of a predictor, defined as a function which supplies lower bounds on initial-segment probabilities of infinite sequences.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lenhart K. Schubert

The present paper gives a statistical adventure towards exploring the average case complexity behavior of computer algorithms. Rather than following the traditional count based analytical (pen and paper) approach, we instead talk in terms…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Niraj Kumar Singh , Soubhik Chakraborty , Dheeresh Kumar Mallick

Composite likelihood inference has gained much popularity thanks to its computational manageability and its theoretical properties. Unfortunately, performing composite likelihood ratio tests is inconvenient because of their awkward…

Computation · Statistics 2014-08-01 Manuela Cattelan , Nicola Sartori

A sequential importance sampling algorithm is developed for the distribution that results when a matrix of independent, but not identically distributed, Bernoulli random variables is conditioned on a given sequence of row and column sums.…

Computation · Statistics 2013-01-18 Matthew T. Harrison , Jeffrey W. Miller

This paper examines the foundational concept of random variables in probability theory and statistical inference, demonstrating that their mathematical definition requires no reference to randomization or hypothetical repeated sampling. We…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-02-11 Paul W. Vos