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Related papers: A simple construction of complex equiangular lines

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We report on a new computer study into the existence of d^2 equiangular lines in d complex dimensions. Such maximal complex projective codes are conjectured to exist in all finite dimensions and are the underlying mathematical objects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-29 A. J. Scott , M. Grassl

A set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^d$ passing through the origin is called equiangular if any two lines in the set form the same angle. We proved an alternative version of the three-point semidefinite constraints developed by Bachoc and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-14 Wei-Jiun Kao , Wei-Hsuan Yu

A set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is called equiangular if the angle between each pair of lines is the same. We derive new upper bounds on the cardinality of equiangular lines. Let us denote the maximum cardinality of equiangular lines in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Wei-Hsuan Yu

We introduce a new infinite family of $d\times 2d$ equiangular tight frames. Many matrices in this family consist of two $d\times d$ circulant blocks. We conjecture that such equiangular tight frames exist for every $d$. We show that our…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Joseph W. Iverson , John Jasper , Dustin G. Mixon

A subset of a normed space $X$ is called equilateral if the distance between any two points is the same. Let $m(X)$ be the smallest possible size of an equilateral subset of $X$ maximal with respect to inclusion. We first observe that…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2013-09-17 Konrad J. Swanepoel , Rafael Villa

In this note, we study the maximum number $N_\alpha(d)$ of a system of equiangular lines in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with cosine $\alpha$, where $\frac{1}{\alpha}$ is not an odd positive integer. This note is motivated by a remark in a $2018$ paper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-10 Mengyue Cao , Jack H. Koolen , Jae Young Yang

A finite subset $X$ of the Euclidean space is called an $m$-distance set if the number of distances between two distinct points in $X$ is equal to $m$. An $m$-distance set $X$ is said to be maximal if any vector cannot be added to $X$ while…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-28 Hiroshi Nozaki , Masashi Shinohara

The normal sequences NS(n) and near-normal sequences NN(n) play an important role in the construction of orthogonal designs and Hadamard matrices. They can be identified with certain base sequences (A;B;C;D), where A and B have length n+1…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-18 Dragomir Z. Djokovic

Zauner's conjecture asserts that $d^2$ equiangular lines exist in all $d$ complex dimensions. In quantum theory, the $d^2$ lines are dubbed a SIC, as they define a favoured standard informationally complete quantum measurement called a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-14 A. J. Scott

We give an explicit construction, based on Hadamard matrices, for an infinite series of floor{sqrt{d}/2}-neighborly centrally symmetric d-dimensional polytopes with 4d vertices. This appears to be the best explicit version yet of a recent…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Julian Pfeifle

In complex vector spaces maximal sets of equiangular lines, known as SICs, are related to real quadratic number fields in a dimension dependent way. If the dimension is of the form $n^2+3$ the base field has a fundamental unit of negative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-29 Ingemar Bengtsson

We give some concrete constructions of real equiangular line sets. The emphasis here is on {\em building blocks} for certain angles which are then used to build up larger equiangular line sets. We concentrate on angles greater than or equal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2008-11-18 Janet C. Tremain

We study the sizes of delta-additive sets of unit vectors in a d-dimensional normed space: the sum of any two vectors has norm at most delta. One-additive sets originate in finding upper bounds of vertex degrees of Steiner Minimum Trees in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-08 Konrad J. Swanepoel

Equiangular tight frames provide optimal packings of lines through the origin. We combine Steiner triple systems with Hadamard matrices to produce a new infinite family of equiangular tight frames. This in turn leads to new constructions of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Matthew Fickus , John Jasper , Dustin G. Mixon , Jesse Peterson

Let $\mathscr{S}_n(q)$ denote the set of symmetric bilinear forms over an $n$-dimensional $\mathbb{F}_q$-vector space. A subset $\mathcal{C}$ of $\mathscr{S}_n(q)$ is called a $d$-code if the rank of $A-B$ is larger than or equal to $d$ for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Wei Tang , Yue Zhou

A family of lines passing through the origin in an inner product space is said to be equiangular if every pair of lines defines the same angle. In 1973, Lemmens and Seidel raised what has since become a central question in the study of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Igor Balla , Matija Bucić

The existence problem for maximal sets of equiangular lines (or SICs) in complex Hilbert space of dimension $d$ remains largely open. In a previous publication (arXiv:2112.05552) we gave a conjectural algorithm for how to construct a SIC if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Ingemar Bengtsson , Markus Grassl , Gary McConnell

We present a new method for constructing affine families of complex Hadamard matrices in every even dimension. This method has an intersection with the Di\c{t}\u{a} construction and it generalizes the Sz\"oll\H{o}si's method. We reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 D. Goyeneche

For a positive integer $d$, a set of points in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space is called almost-equidistant if for any three points from the set, some two are at unit distance. Let $f(d)$ denote the largest size of an almost-equidistant set…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Martin Balko , Attila Pór , Manfred Scheucher , Konrad Swanepoel , Pavel Valtr

Answering a question of Jiang and Polyanskii as well as Jiang, Tidor, Yao, Zhang, and Zhao, we show the existence of infinitely many angles $\theta$ for which the maximum number of lines in $\mathbb R^n$ meeting at the origin with pairwise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-24 Carl Schildkraut