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While modern biotechnologies allow synthesizing new proteins and function measurements at scale, efficiently exploring a protein sequence space and engineering it remains a daunting task due to the vast sequence space of any given protein.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-15 Jiahao Qiu , Hui Yuan , Jinghong Zhang , Wentao Chen , Huazheng Wang , Mengdi Wang

We combine Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP), a reinforcement learning method and UCB applied to trees (UCT) algorithm with a more powerful heuristic function based on Progressive Bias method and two pruning strategies for a traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Xu Cao , Yanghao Lin

We present an extension of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) that strongly increases its efficiency for trees with asymmetry and/or loops. Asymmetric termination of search trees introduces a type of uncertainty for which the standard upper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-24 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M. Jonker

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a sampling best-first method to search for optimal decisions. The MCTS's popularity is based on its extraordinary results in the challenging two-player based game Go, a game considered much harder than…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Edgar Galván , Gavin Simpson

To address the contextual bandit problem, we propose an online random forest algorithm. The analysis of the proposed algorithm is based on the sample complexity needed to find the optimal decision stump. Then, the decision stumps are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Raphaël Féraud , Robin Allesiardo , Tanguy Urvoy , Fabrice Clérot

Popular Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithms for online planning, such as epsilon-greedy tree search and UCT, aim at rapidly identifying a reasonably good action, but provide rather poor worst-case guarantees on performance improvement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Zohar Feldman , Carmel Domshlak

Developing efficient sequential bidding strategies for repeated auctions is an important practical challenge in various marketing tasks. In this setting, the bidding agent obtains information, on both the value of the item at sale and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Juliette Achddou , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

Despite being successful in board games and reinforcement learning (RL), Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) combined with Multi Armed Bandits (MABs) has seen limited success in domain-independent classical planning until recently. Previous work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Masataro Asai , Stephen Wissow

The paper proposes a novel upper confidence bound (UCB) procedure for identifying the arm with the largest mean in a multi-armed bandit game in the fixed confidence setting using a small number of total samples. The procedure cannot be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-12-30 Kevin Jamieson , Matthew Malloy , Robert Nowak , Sébastien Bubeck

Balancing exploration and exploitation has been an important problem in both game tree search and automated planning. However, while the problem has been extensively analyzed within the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) literature, the planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Stephen Wissow , Masataro Asai

Verification planning is a sequential decision-making problem that specifies a set of verification activities (VA) and correction activities (CA) at different phases of system development. While VAs are used to identify errors and defects,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Peng Xu , Xinwei Deng , Alejandro Salado

We study online fair division when there are a finite number of item types and the player values for the items are drawn randomly from distributions with unknown means. In this setting, a sequence of indivisible items arrives according to a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Benjamin Schiffer , Shirley Zhang

Decision trees, without appropriate constraints, can easily become overly complex and prone to overfit, capturing noise rather than generalizable patterns. To resolve this problem,pruning operation is a crucial part in optimizing decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hasibul Karim Shanto , Umme Ayman Koana , Shadikur Rahman

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) typically uses multi-armed bandit (MAB) strategies designed to minimize cumulative regret, such as UCB1, as its selection strategy. However, in the root node of the search tree, it is more sensible to minimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Dominic Sagers , Mark H. M. Winands , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

Safety is a desirable property that can immensely increase the applicability of learning algorithms in real-world decision-making problems. It is much easier for a company to deploy an algorithm that is safe, i.e., guaranteed to perform at…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-07 Abbas Kazerouni , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Benjamin Van Roy

In this paper, we propose and study opportunistic bandits - a new variant of bandits where the regret of pulling a suboptimal arm varies under different environmental conditions, such as network load or produce price. When the load/price is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Huasen Wu , Xueying Guo , Xin Liu

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven effective in solving decision-making problems in perfect information settings. However, its application to stochastic and imperfect information domains remains limited. This paper extends the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Can Cömer , Jannis Blüml , Cedric Derstroff , Kristian Kersting

Stochastic multi-armed bandits (MABs) provide a fundamental reinforcement learning model to study sequential decision making in uncertain environments. The upper confidence bounds (UCB) algorithm gave birth to the renaissance of bandit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ambrus Tamás , Szabolcs Szentpéteri , Balázs Csanád Csáji

Decision trees provide a rich family of highly non-linear but efficient models, due to which they continue to be the go-to family of predictive models by practitioners across domains. But learning trees is challenging due to their discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Ajaykrishna Karthikeyan , Naman Jain , Nagarajan Natarajan , Prateek Jain

We propose a new framework for contextual multi-armed bandits based on tree ensembles. Our framework adapts two widely used bandit methods, Upper Confidence Bound and Thompson Sampling, for both standard and combinatorial settings. As part…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hannes Nilsson , Rikard Johansson , Niklas Åkerblom , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani