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Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) is often regarded as a presynaptic filter of spikes, independent of postsynaptic activity. Recent experiments, however, indicate an associative STP that depends on pre- and postsynaptic coactivation. We…

Early detection of cognitive impairment is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention, yet infrequent clinical assessments often lack the sensitivity and temporal resolution to capture subtle cognitive declines in older adults. Passive…

We introduce for the first time the utilization of Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network architectures for the compensation of fiber nonlinearities in digital coherent systems. We conduct numerical simulations considering either…

Tungsten is a promising candidate material in fusion energy facilities. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the atomistic scale mechanisms, so they are crucial for the understanding of the macroscopic property deterioration of…

Synaptic memory is considered to be the main element responsible for learning and cognition in humans. Although traditionally non-volatile long-term plasticity changes have been implemented in nanoelectronic synapses for neuromorphic…

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) techniques have gained prominence for their capacity to adapt pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) to downstream visual tasks using specialized learnable tokens termed as prompts. Contemporary VPT methodologies,…

Memories are stored, at least partly, as patterns of strong synapses. Given molecular turnover, how can synapses maintain strong for the years that memories can persist? Some models postulate that biochemical bistability maintains strong…

Recent biological experimental findings have shown that synaptic plasticity depends on the relative timing of pre- and post-synaptic spikes and this is called spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Many authors have claimed that a…

Experimental observations on synaptic plasticity at individual glutamatergic synapses from the CA3 Shaffer collateral pathway onto CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus suggest that the transitions in synaptic strength occur among discrete…

Short-term plasticity (STP) is a mechanism that stores decaying memories in synapses of the cerebral cortex. In computing practice, STP has been used, but mostly in the niche of spiking neurons, even though theory predicts that it is the…

Catastrophic forgetting/interference is a critical problem for lifelong learning machines, which impedes the agents from maintaining their previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks. Neural networks, in particular, suffer plenty…

The ability to quickly learn new knowledge (e.g. new classes or data distributions) is a big step towards human-level intelligence. In this paper, we consider scenarios that require learning new classes or data distributions quickly and…

We introduce Synthetic Bootstrapped Pretraining (SBP), a language model (LM) pretraining procedure that first learns a model of relations between documents from the pretraining dataset and then leverages it to synthesize a vast new corpus…

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) stands as an effective intervention for alleviating the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Traditional commercial DBS devices are only able to deliver fixed-frequency periodic pulses to the basal…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. However, when training reasoning models, these approaches are primarily applicable…

The transition from early long-term potentiation (E-LTP) to late LTP (L-LTP) involves protein synthesis and degradation. L-LTP is blocked by inhibiting either protein synthesis or proteasome-dependent degradation prior to and during a…

We study reinforcement learning (RL) with linear function approximation under the adaptivity constraint. We consider two popular limited adaptivity models: the batch learning model and the rare policy switch model, and propose two efficient…

Objective: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potentially reversible brain dysfunction caused by liver failure. Altered synaptic plasticity is supposed to play a major role in the pathophysiology of HE. Here, we used paired associative…

In recent years, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has become a popular choice for speech separation and speech enhancement task. The capability of LSTM network can be enhanced by widening and adding more layers. However, this would introduce…

This paper presents the results of our recent work on studying the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and medication on the dynamics of brain local field potential (LFP) signals used for behavior analysis of patients with Parkinson s…