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A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is the most common graphical model for representing causal relationships among a set of variables. When restricted to using only observational data, the structure of the ground truth DAG is identifiable only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-12 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

We present a novel form of Fourier analysis, and associated signal processing concepts, for signals (or data) indexed by edge-weighted directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). This means that our Fourier basis yields an eigendecomposition of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Bastian Seifert , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

The number of artificial intelligence algorithms for learning causal models from data is growing rapidly. Most ``causal discovery'' or ``causal structure learning'' algorithms are primarily validated through simulation studies. However, no…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-24 Bryan Andrews , Erich Kummerfeld

Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based ledger and the corresponding consensus algorithm has been identified as a promising technology for Internet of Things (IoT). Compared with Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) that have been widely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Yixin Li , Bin Cao , Mugen Peng , Long Zhang , Lei Zhang , Daquan Feng , Jihong Yu

The scheduling and schedulability analysis of real-time directed acyclic graph (DAG) task systems have received much recent attention. The DAG model can accurately represent intra-task parallelim and precedence constraints existing in many…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Zheng Dong , Cong Liu

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

Estimating the structure of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a fundamental challenge, particularly in causal discovery. Bayesian approaches excel by quantifying uncertainty and addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Edwin V. Bonilla , Pantelis Elinas , He Zhao , Maurizio Filippone , Vassili Kitsios , Terry O'Kane

Network datasets appear across a wide range of scientific fields, including biology, physics, and the social sciences. To enable data-driven discoveries from these networks, statistical inference techniques like estimation and hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-19 Arpan Kumar , Minh Tang , Srijan Sengupta

We describe inferactive data analysis, so-named to denote an interactive approach to data analysis with an emphasis on inference after data analysis. Our approach is a compromise between Tukey's exploratory (roughly speaking "model free")…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Nan Bi , Jelena Markovic , Lucy Xia , Jonathan Taylor

We establish a new framework for statistical estimation of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) when data are generated from a linear, possibly non-Gaussian structural equation model. Our framework consists of two parts: (1) inferring the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-11-15 Po-Ling Loh , Peter Bühlmann

Recent QA with logical reasoning questions requires passage-level relations among the sentences. However, current approaches still focus on sentence-level relations interacting among tokens. In this work, we explore aggregating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Yinya Huang , Meng Fang , Yu Cao , Liwei Wang , Xiaodan Liang

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a class of graphs commonly used in practice, with examples that include electronic circuits, Bayesian networks, and neural architectures. While many effective encoders exist for DAGs, it remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Michael Sun , Orion Foo , Gang Liu , Wojciech Matusik , Jie Chen

Data simulation is fundamental for machine learning and causal inference, as it allows exploration of scenarios and assessment of methods in settings with full control of ground truth. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are well established for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Ghadi S. Al Hajj , Johan Pensar , Geir Kjetil Sandve

Bayesian causal discovery aims to infer the posterior distribution over causal models from observed data, quantifying epistemic uncertainty and benefiting downstream tasks. However, computational challenges arise due to joint inference over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yashas Annadani , Nick Pawlowski , Joel Jennings , Stefan Bauer , Cheng Zhang , Wenbo Gong

Our goal is to infer the topology of a network when (i) we can send probes between sources and receivers at the edge of the network and (ii) intermediate nodes can perform simple network coding operations, i.e., additions. Our key intuition…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-02-07 Pegah Sattari , Christina Fragouli , Athina Markopoulou

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs, also known as Bayesian networks) is a challenging problem since the search space of DAGs is combinatorial and scales superexponentially with the number of nodes. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Xun Zheng , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar , Eric P. Xing

Multiprocessor scheduling of hard real-time tasks modeled by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) exploits the inherent parallelism presented by the model. For DAG tasks, a node represents a request to execute an object on one of the available…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Corey Tessler , Venkata P. Modekurthy , Nathan Fisher , Abusayeed Saifullah

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models are widely used to represent causal relationships among random variables in many application domains. This paper studies a special class of non-Gaussian DAG models, where the conditional variance of each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-03 Wei Zhou , Xin He , Wei Zhong , Junhui Wang

Community detection on attributed graphs with rich semantic and topological information offers great potential for real-world network analysis, especially user matching in online games. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently enabled…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu , Wenqing Lin , Ziming Wu , Wendong Bi

This paper presents the current state of the art on attack and defense modeling approaches that are based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). DAGs allow for a hierarchical decomposition of complex scenarios into simple, easily understandable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-04-01 Barbara Kordy , Ludovic Piètre-Cambacédès , Patrick Schweitzer