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Understanding the applicability of fluid-dynamical models to describe the hot and dense matter produced in the early stages of hadronic collisions is a fundamental problem in the field. In particular, it is not clear to what degree this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Caio V. P. de Brito , Gabriel S. Denicol

A full understanding of the spacetime evolution of the QCD matter created in a heavy ion collision requires understanding the properties of the initial stages. In the weak coupling picture these are dominated by classical gluon fields,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-05 T. Lappi

The fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter is a key characteristic of the medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We extend the framework of the relativistic hydrodynamic model to incorporate non-thermal momentum distributions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Akihiko Monnai

Hydrodynamic approaches to modeling relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions are based on the conservation of energy and momentum. However, the medium formed in these collisions also carries additional conserved quantities, including…

We review recent developments in the ab-initio theoretical description of the initial state in heavy-ion collisions. We emphasize the importance of fluctuations, both for the phenomenological description of experimental data from the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-23 Francois Gelis , Bjoern Schenke

We use a hybrid model which relies on QCD effective kinetic theory -- K\oMP\oST -- to dynamically bridge the gap between IP-Glasma initial states and viscous hydrodynamics, for the theoretical interpretation of heavy-ion collision results.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Charles Gale , Jean-François Paquet , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen

We give a short review of hydrodynamic models at heavy ion collisions from the point of view of initial conditions, an equation of states (EoS) and freezeout process. Then we show our latest results of a combined fully three-dimensional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Chiho Nonaka

Measuring the energy loss of energetic jet partons may provide experimental opportunities to constrain the initial nonequilibrium stages in heavy-ion collisions, which requires theoretical predictions for the jet-medium potential. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-05 Alois Altenburger , Kirill Boguslavski , Florian Lindenbauer

We evaluate the effects of preequilibrium dynamics on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We simulate the initial nonequilibrium phase within A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model, while the subsequent near-equilibrium…

A possible resolution of the early thermalisation puzzle is provided by the notion of far-from-equilibrium attractors which arise due to the specific kinematics of heavy-ion collisions. Attractors appear in a wide variety of dynamical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-29 Michał Spaliński

Due to anisotropic momentum distributions the parton system produced at the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions is unstable with respect to the magnetic plasma modes. The instabilities isotropize the system and thus speed up…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-31 Stanislaw Mrowczynski

Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-18 Jürgen Berges , Michal P. Heller , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Raju Venugopalan

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

We investigate the thermal photon production-rates using one dimensional boost-invariant second order relativistic hydrodynamics to find proper time evolution of the energy density and the temperature. The effect of bulk-viscosity and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 Jitesh R. Bhatt , Hiranmaya Mishra , V. Sreekanth

Fluctuations in the initial conditions for relativistic heavy ion collisions are proving to be crucial to understanding final state flow and jet quenching observables. The initial geometry has been parametrized in terms of moments in the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-05-05 James L. Nagle , Michael P. McCumber

The framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics is used in 3+1 dimensions to analyze behavior of matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The model predictions for the hadronic transverse-momentum spectra, directed and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Wojciech Florkowski , Radoslaw Ryblewski

A simple approach is proposed allowing actual calculations of the preequilibrium dynamics in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions to be performed for a far-from-equilibrium initial state. The method is based on the phenomenological…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-07-08 S. V. Akkelin , Yu. M. Sinyukov

A proper description of the non-equilibrium matter preceding the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions and its observable consequences remain a major theoretical challenge, while at the same time offering new opportunities for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-07 Kirill Boguslavski

Isobaric collisions provide a unique opportunity to investigate how variations in the charge to mass ratio affect the final state observables produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Most importantly, isobaric systems that differ in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-04 Amit Paul , Rupa Chatterjee

A radiative transport model is used to study kinetic equilibration during the early stage of a relativistic heavy ion collision. The parton system is found to be able to overcome expansion and move toward thermalization via parton…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-03-04 Bin Zhang