Related papers: A Natural Partial Order on The Prime Numbers
We report a rigorous theory to show the origin of the unexpected periodic behavior seen in the consecutive differences between prime numbers. We also check numerically our findings to ensure that they hold for finite sequences of primes,…
Many interesting computational problems can be reformulated in terms of decision trees. A natural classical algorithm is to then run a random walk on the tree, starting at the root, to see if the tree contains a node n levels from the root.…
We consider probability distributions with constant rate on partially ordered sets, generalizing distributions in the usual reliability setting that have constant failure rate. In spite of the minimal algebraic structure, there is a…
The aim of this book is to introduce the reader to the beauty of Algebra, through a journey from the natural numbers to prime fields and finite fields, with some detours. Many books are devoted to the construction of these fields from the…
We discuss a notion of convergence for binary trees that is based on subtree sizes. In analogy to recent developments in the theory of graphs, posets and permutations we investigate some general aspects of the topology, such as a…
We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…
We adopt a physically motivated empirical approach to the characterisation of the distributions of twin and triplet primes within the set of primes, rather than in the set of all natural numbers. Remarkably, the occurrences of twins or…
For a uniform random labelled tree, we find the limiting distribution of tree parameters which are stable (in some sense) with respect to local perturbations of the tree structure. The proof is based on the martingale central limit theorem…
Partially ordered sets (posets) play a universal role as an abstract structure in many areas of mathematics. For finite posets, an explicit enumeration of distinct partial orders on a set of unlabelled elements is known only up to a…
An extension to the factorisation principle as suggested by Fermat is presented.We start from a symmetry of natural numbers and obtain the factorisation principle therefrom.Later it is extended further to test the primality of any natural…
By defining the dimension of natural numbers as the number of prime factors, all natural numbers smaller than 2^(n+1) (n is a natural number) can be classified by their dimensions, and the count of numbers of each dimension gives a…
In this paper, we introduce and study the iterates of the following family of functions $\varphi_k$ defined on natural numbers which exhibits nice properties. $$\varphi_k(x)=\left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} x+k, & \mbox{ if $x$ is prime;}\\…
Currently there is no known efficient formula for primes. Besides that, prime numbers have great importance in e.g., information technology such as public-key cryptography, and their position and possible or impossible functional generation…
In this work, we propose a systematic derivation of normal forms for dispersive equations using decorated trees introduced in arXiv:2005.01649. The key tool is the arborification map which is a morphism from the Butcher-Connes-Kreimer Hopf…
To any rooted tree, we associate a sequence of numbers that we call the logarithmic factorials of the tree. This provides a generalization of Bhargava's factorials to a natural combinatorial setting suitable for studying questions around…
The Prime Number Theorem states that the number of primes in $\{1,\ldots,x\}$, denoted $\pi(x)$, is approximately $\frac{x}{\ln(x)}$. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of primes for domains other than $\N$. First we look at…
Let $R$ be an order in an algebraic number field. If $R$ is a principal order, then many explicit results on its arithmetic are available. Among others, $R$ is half-factorial if and only if the class group of $R$ has at most two elements.…
The Mitsch order is already known as a natural partial order for semigroups and rings. The purpose of this paper is to further study of the Mitsch order on modules by investigating basic properties via endomorphism rings. And so this study…
Natural numbers divisible by the same prime factor lie on defined spiral graphs which are running through the Square Root Spiral (also named as the Spiral of Theodorus or Wurzel Spirale or Einstein Spiral). Prime Numbers also clearly…
Connected acyclic graphs (trees) are data objects that hierarchically organize categories. Collections of trees arise in a diverse variety of fields, including evolutionary biology, public health, machine learning, social sciences and…