Related papers: A Natural Partial Order on The Prime Numbers
Description of cocommutative Hopf algebras associated with families of trees. Applications include Cayley's theorem on the number of rooted trees with n nodes, and Catalan's theorem on the number of rooted ordered trees with n nodes.
We give the first data structure for the problem of maintaining a dynamic set of n elements drawn from a partially ordered universe described by a tree. We define the Line-Leaf Tree, a linear-sized data structure that supports the…
A nice factorization is given for the characteristic polynomials of intervals in some posets of leaf-labeled forests of rooted binary trees.
We adopt an empirical approach to the characterization of the distribution of twin primes within the set of primes, rather than in the set of all natural numbers. The occurrences of twin primes in any finite sequence of primes are like…
The natural partial ordering of the orbit types of the action of the group of local gauge transformations on the space of connections in space-time dimension d<=4 is investigated. For that purpose, a description of orbit types in terms of…
We define a new congruence relation on the set of integers, leading to a group similar to the multiplicative group of integers modulo $n$. It makes use of a symmetry almost omnipresent in modular multiplications and halves the number of…
Partial algebras and datatypes are discussed with the use of signatures that allow partial functions, and a three-valued short-circuit (sequential) first order logic with a Tarski semantics. The propositional part of this logic is also…
In this paper, we introduce a partial order on rings with involution, which is a generalization of the partial order on the set of projections in a Rickart *-ring. We prove that a *-ring with the natural partial order form a sectionally…
The recursive and hierarchical structure of full rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. In most of these cases, the full rooted tree is…
We endow the space of rooted planar trees with an structure of Hopf algebra. We prove that variations of such a structure lead to Hopf algebras on the spaces of labelled trees, $n$--trees, increasing planar trees and sorted trees. These…
Following the approach by R. K\"otter and F. R. Kschischang, we study network codes as families of k-dimensional linear subspaces of a vector space F_q^n, q being a prime power and F_q the finite field with q elements. In particular,…
We provide a general theoretical framework allowing us to extend the classical Lie theory for partial differential equations to the case of equations of fractional order. We propose a general prolongation formula for the study of Lie…
We survey the classical results on the prime number theorem
The article attempts to demonstrate the rich history of one truly remarkable problem situated at the confluence of probability theory and theory of numbers - finding the probability of co-primality of two randomly selected natural numbers.…
We introduce the notions of preordered and heap-preordered forests, generalizing the construction of ordered and heap-ordered forests. We prove that the algebras of preordered and heap-preordered forests are Hopf for the cut coproduct, and…
This manuscript investigates the stochastic comparisons of the second-order statistics from dependent and heterogeneous general semi-parametric family of distributions observations. Some sufficient conditions on the usual stochastic order…
We develop algorithms, implemented in Maple, that study the number of vertices with a particular number of children in a random ordered tree where all vertices must have a number of children in some finite set. By calculating the mixed…
We construct in this article an explicit geometric rough path over arbitrary $d$-dimensional paths with finite $1/\alpha$-variation for any $\alpha\in(0,1)$. The method may be coined as 'Fourier normal ordering', since it consists in a…
In recent years a Hopf algebraic structure underlying the process of renormalization in quantum field theory was found. It led to a Birkhoff factorization for (regularized) Hopf algebra characters, i.e. for Feynman rules. In this work we…
This was supposed to be an appendix to the book "Non-structure", and probably will be if it materializes. It presents relevant material, sometimes new, which was used in works which were supposed to be part of that book. In section 1 we…