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A pair-density-wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with an oscillating order parameter. A microscopic mechanism that can give rise to it has been long sought but has not yet been established by any controlled calculation. Here we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-07 Kevin S. Huang , Zhaoyu Han , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

Pair-density-wave (PDW) is a long-sought exotic state with oscillating superconducting order without external magnetic field. So far it has been rare in establishing a 2D microscopic model with PDW long-range order in its ground state. Here…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-10-29 Yi-Fan Jiang , Hong Yao

We show using bosonization methods that extended Hubbard-Heisenberg models on two types of two leg ladders (without flux and with flux $\pi$ per plaquette) have commensurate pair-density wave (PDW) phases. In the case of the conventional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-01-12 Akbar Jaefari , Eduardo Fradkin

In conventional superconductors the Cooper pairs have a zero center of mass momentum. In this paper we present a theory of superconducting states where the Cooper pairs have a nonzero center of mass momentum, inhomogeneous superconducting…

Superconductivity · Physics 2014-04-22 Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Eduardo Fradkin

The Kondo-Heinsberg chain is an interesting model of a strongly correlated system which has a broad superconducting state with pair-density wave (PDW) order. Some of us have recently proposed that this PDW state is a symmetry-protected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-28 Julian May-Mann , Ryan Levy , Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Gil Young Cho , Bryan K. Clark , Eduardo Fradkin

The pair density wave (PDW) superconducting state has been proposed to explain the layer- decoupling effect observed in the compound La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ at $x=1/8$ (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 127003). In this state the superconducting order…

Superconductivity · Physics 2017-06-07 Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Yuxuan Wang , Eduardo Fradkin , S. Lance Cooper

Pair density wave (PDW) states are defined by a spatially modulating superconductive order-parameter. To search for such states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) we use high-speed atomic-resolution scanned Josephson-tunneling…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-06-29 Xiaolong Liu , Yi Xue Chong , Rahul Sharma , J. C. Séamus Davis

Pair density wave (PDW) is a distinct superconducting state characterized by a periodic modulation of its order parameter in real space. Its intricate interplay with the charge density wave (CDW) state is a continuing topic of interest in…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-09-04 Lu Cao , Yucheng Xue , Yingbo Wang , Fu-Chun Zhang , Jian Kang , Hong-Jun Gao , Jinhai Mao , Yuhang Jiang

The pair density wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with non-zero center-of-mass momentum Cooper pairing in the absence of external magnetic fields. Its realization in microscopic models as the ground state is very rare and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-04-07 Han-Yang Liu , Da Wang , Ziqiang Wang , Qiang-Hua Wang

Recent experiments have shown that the nonzero center of mass momentum pair density wave (PDW) is a widespread phenomenon observed over different superconducting materials. However, concrete theoretical model realizations of the PDW order…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-08-19 Yi Zhang , Ziqiang Wang

Describing and achieving `unconventional' superconductivity remains a forefront challenge in quantum many-body physics. Here we use a unitary mapping, combined with the well-established properties of the attractive Hubbard model to…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-04-18 Xingchuan Zhu , Junsong Sun , Shou-Shu Gong , Wen Huang , Shiping Feng , Richard T. Scalettar , Huaiming Guo

We theoretically explore possible unconventional superconductivity induced by weak repulsive interactions in twisted bilayer TMD (e.g. WSe$_2$) in the presence of an out-of-plane electric field. Using renormalization group (RG) analysis, we…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-05-17 Yi-Ming Wu , Zhengzhi Wu , Hong Yao

Pair density waves (PDW) are novel forms of superconducting states that exhibit periodically modulated pairing. A remaining challenge is to elucidate how intrinsic PDW order can emerge robustly in strongly correlated electrons. Here we…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-09 Hao-Xin Wang , Yi-Jian Hu , Wen Huang , Hong Yao

Pair density waves (PDWs) are a inhomogeneous superconducting states whose Cooper pairs possess a finite momentum resulting in a oscillatory gap in space, even in the absence of an external magnetic field. There is growing evidence for the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-12-17 Marcus Rosales , Eduardo Fradkin

Motivated by the pair-density-wave (PDW) state found in the one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg chain, we report on a determinant quantum Monte Carlo DQMC study of pair-fields for a two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard layer coupled to an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-10 Fangze Liu , Xu-Xin Huang , Edwin W. Huang , Brian Moritz , Thomas P. Devereaux

The pair density wave (PDW) exemplifies intertwined orders in strongly correlated systems. A recent discovery of superconductivity in a quarter-metal state offers the first experimental system where a pure PDW without uniform…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-06-11 Omri Lesser , Chunli Huang , James P. Sethna , Eun-Ah Kim

Topological crystalline superconductivity in the locally non-centrosymmetric multilayer superconductors (SCs) is proposed. We study the odd-parity pair-density wave (PDW) state induced by the spin-singlet pairing interaction through the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-07-24 Tomohiro Yoshida , Manfred Sigrist , Youichi Yanase

A robust theory of the mechanism of pair density wave (PDW) superconductivity (i.e. where Cooper pairs have nonzero center of mass momentum) remains elusive. Here we explore the triangular lattice $t$-$J$-$V$ model, a low-energy effective…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-28 Jiucai Wang , Wen Sun , Hao-Xin Wang , Zhaoyu Han , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

We propose a theoretical framework in which a one-dimensional (1D) tight-binding model incorporating unconventional magnetic order together with Rashba and Ising spin-orbit couplings are considered to realize two key phenomena in condensed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Amartya Pal , Debashish Mondal , Tanay Nag , Arijit Saha

An indispensable ingredient for pair density wave (PDW) superconductivity is the presence of an attractive pairing interaction at finite momentum. Here, we show how this condition can be met with straightforward electron-density…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-10-16 Nicole Sabina Ticea , Srinivas Raghu , Yi-Ming Wu
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