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First introduced to describe surfaces embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the Willmore invariant is a conformally-invariant extrinsic scalar curvature of a surface that vanishes when the surface minimizes bending and stretching. Both this invariant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Samuel Blitz

We study an energy functional on the universal spinor bundle over a closed $n$-dimensional spin manifold $M$. The critical points of this functional, which is modelled on the total torsion functional of $G_2$-structures in seven dimensions,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-01-03 Leonardo Bagaglini

We consider the wetting transition on a planar surface in contact with a semi-infinite fluid. In the classical approach, the surface is assumed to be solid, and when interaction between solid and fluid is sufficiently short-range, the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2008-01-30 Henri Gouin

We introduce a non-local $L^2$-gradient flow for the Willmore energy of immersed surfaces which preserves the isoperimetric ratio. For spherical initial data with energy below an explicit threshold, we show long-time existence and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Fabian Rupp

Geometric and topological bounds are obtained for the first energy level gap of a particle constrained to move on a compact surface in 3-space. Moreover, geometric properties are found which allows for stationary and uniformly distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Vicent Gimeno i Garcia , Steen Markvorsen

We investigate surfaces with bounded L^p-norm of the fractional mean curvature, a quantity we shall refer to as fractional Willmore-type functional. In the subcritical case and under convexity assumptions we show how this…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Simon Blatt , Giovanni Giacomin , Julian Scheuer , Armin Schikorra

We give a spinorial characterization of isometrically immersed surfaces of arbitrary signature into 3-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space forms. For Lorentzian surfaces, this generalizes a recent work of the first author in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-22 M. -A. Lawn , J. Roth

In this paper we study the functional $\SW_{\lambda_1,\lambda_2}$, which is the the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$-weighted surface area, and $\lambda_2$-weighted volume, for surfaces immersed in $\R^3$. This coincides with the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-05-24 James McCoy , Glen Wheeler

We prove that a certain discrete energy for triangulated surfaces, defined in the spirit of discrete differential geometry, converges to the Willmore energy in the sense of $\Gamma$-convergence. Variants of this discrete energy have been…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-14 Peter Gladbach , Heiner Olbermann

We define and construct a conformally invariant energy for closed smoothly immersed submanifolds of even dimension, but of arbitrary codimension, in conformally flat Riemannian manifolds. This is a higher dimensional analogue of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Ben F. Allen , Rod Gover

In this paper, we study the critical case of the Allard regularity theorem. Combining with Reifenberg's topological disk theorem, we get a critical Allard-Reifenberg type regularity theorem. As a main result, we get the topological…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Jie Zhou

We investigate the Hawking energy of small surfaces in space times without symmetry assumptions by introducing the notion of Hawking type functionals. In particular, we find that Hawking type functionals are generalized Willmore functionals…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-03 Alexander Friedrich

We consider the problem of energy for spinor fields coupled to their surrounding curved-twisted space-time, and we show that when treated geometrically we cannot even be certain that there is a problem for the energy in the first place.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-04 Luca Fabbri

We propose the study of a conformally invariant functional for surfaces of complex projective plane which is closely related to the classical Willmore functional. We show that minimal surfaces of complex projective plane are critical for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sebastian Montiel , Francisco Urbano

We investigate equilibrium configurations for surface energies which contain the squared $L^2$ norm of the difference of the mean curvature H and the spontaneous curvature $c_o$ coupled with the elastic energy of the boundary curve, which…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-07-28 Bennett Palmer , Alvaro Pampano

Variational principles are developed within the framework of a spinor representation of the surface geometry to examine the equilibrium properties of a membrane or interface. This is a far-reaching generalization of the Weierstrass-Enneper…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2012-02-17 Jemal Guven , Pablo Vázquez-Montejo

We found a new formulation to the Euler-Lagrange equation of the Willmore functional for immersed surfaces in ${\R}^m$. This new formulation of Willmore equation appears to be of divergence form, moreover, the non-linearities are made of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Riviere Tristan

In the search for appropriate discretizations of surface theory it is crucial to preserve such fundamental properties of surfaces as their invariance with respect to transformation groups. We discuss discretizations based on M\"obius…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-08-25 Alexander I. Bobenko

We give a survey on the Weierstrass representations of surfaces in three- and four-dimensional spaces, their applications to the theory of the Willmore functional and on related problems of spectral theory of the two-dimensional Dirac…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Iskander A. Taimanov

In this work, we consider the three-dimensional solid-state dewetting with strongly anisotropic surface energy, assuming an axisymmetric morphology of the thin film. However, when surface energy exhibits strong anisotropy, certain…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Meng Li , Chunjie Zhou