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Over the last two decades, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) imaging with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has emerged as a technique of choice for visualizing complex chemical, electronic, plasmonic, and phononic…

Electron tomography is becoming an increasingly important tool in materials science for studying the three-dimensional morphologies and chemical compositions of nanostructures. The image quality obtained by many current algorithms is…

To improve transistor density and electronic performance, next-generation semiconductor devices are adopting three-dimensional architectures and feature sizes down to the few-nm regime, which require atomic-scale metrology to identify and…

We review the development of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography as a method for investigating structural dynamics for nanoscale materials and interfaces. Its sensitivity and resolution are demonstrated in the studies of surface melting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Chong-Yu Ruan , Yoshie Murooka , Ramani K. Raman , Ryan A. Murdick , Richard J. Worhatch , Aric Pell

Modern nanomaterials contain complexity that spans all three dimensions - from multigate semiconductors to clean energy nanocatalysts to complex block copolymers. For nanoscale characterization, it has been a long-standing goal to observe…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-06-03 Robert Hovden , David A. Muller

Cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) is a 3D imaging technique that enables the systemic study of shape, abundance, and distribution of macromolecular structures in single cells in near-atomic resolution. However, the systematic and efficient…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-29 Kai Yi , Jianye Pang , Yungeng Zhang , Xiangrui Zeng , Min Xu

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful imaging tool that has found broad application in materials science, nanoscience and biology(1-3). With the introduction of aberration-corrected electron lenses, both the spatial…

Electron tomography is a technique used in both materials science and structural biology to image features well below optical resolution limit. In this work, we present a new algorithm for reconstructing the three-dimensional(3D)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-12 David Ren , Michael Chen , Laura Waller , Colin Ophus

Electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) enables 3D imaging of complex, radiation-sensitive structures with molecular detail. However, image contrast from the interference of scattered electrons is nonlinear with atomic density and multiple…

Recent advances in ferroelectrics highlight the role of three-dimensional (3D) polar entities in forming topological polar textures and generating giant electromechanical responses, during polarization rotation. However, current electron…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-06-10 Jinho Byun , Keeyong Lee , Myoungho Jeong , Eunha Lee , Jeongil Bang , Haeryong Kim , Geun Ho Gu , Sang Ho Oh

Macroporous silicon is widely employed in sensing and optoelectronic applications due to its large internal surface area and adjustable pore structure. However, quantitative correlations between morphology and functionality require…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-09 A. Ramírez-Porras , I. Prado , N. R. Schwarz , U. Steiner

To investigate the performance of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures, it is vital to study in situ their internal structure non-destructively. Hence, we perform synchrotron X-ray holographic tomography on exemplary 3D silicon photonic…

The non-destructive characterization of nanoscale devices, such as those based on semiconductor nanowires, in terms of functional potentials is crucial for correlating device properties with their morphological/materials features, as well…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Daniel Wolf , René Hübner , Tore Niermann , Sebastian Sturm , Paola Prete , Nico Lovergine , Bernd Büchner , Axel Lubk

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) offers a window to view nanoscale properties and processes. When performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope, EELS can simultaneously render images of nanoscale objects with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-26 Charles Cherqui , Niket Thakkar , Guoliang Li , Jon P. Camden , David Masiello

We recently found that the electromagnetic scattering problem can be very fast in an approach expressing the fields in terms of orthonormal basis functions. In this paper we apply computational conformal geometry with the conformal energy…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Pengcheng Wan , Zhong-Heng Tan , S. T. Chui , Tiexiang Li , S. T. Yau

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a potent technique for the determination of three-dimensional atomic scale structure of samples in structural biology and materials science. In structural biology, three-dimensional structures of…

There is only a handful of scanning techniques that can provide surface topography at nanometre resolution. At the same time, there are no methods that are capable of non-invasive imaging of the three-dimensional surface topography of a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-07 Tatiana Latychevskaia , Wei-Hao Hsu , Wei-Tse Chang , Chun-Yueh Lin , Ing-Shouh Hwang

Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has emerged as a powerful method for solving the structures of sub-micron-sized particles down to nanoparticles. However, it faces technical challenges when applied to beam-sensitive samples or…

Deciphering the three-dimensional atomic structure of solid-solid interfaces in core-shell nanomaterials is the key to understand their remarkable catalytical, optical and electronic properties. Here, we probe the three-dimensional atomic…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-21 Zezhou Li , Zhiheng Xie , Yao Zhang , Xilong Mu , Hai-jing Yin , Ya-wen Zhang , Colin Ophus , Jihan Zhou

Nanoscale structural and electronic heterogeneities are prevalent in condensed matter physics. Investigating these heterogeneities in three dimensions (3D) has become an important task for understanding their material properties. To provide…