Related papers: Pairs of orthogonal countable ordinals

Two matrices $A$ and $B$ are called unitary (resp. orthogonal) equivalent if $AU=VB$ for two unitary (resp. orthogonal) matrices $U$ and $V$. Using trace identities, criteria are given for simultaneous unitary, orthogonal or complex…

The definition due to Accardi of a pair of complementary observables is adapted to the context of the Lie algebra $ su(2) $. We show that the pair of Pauli matrices $ A,B $ associated to the unit directions $ \alpha $ and $ \beta $ in $…

There exists a family $\{B_{\alpha}\}_{\alpha<\omega_1}$ of sets of countable ordinals such that o $\max B_{\alpha}=\alpha$, o if $\alpha\in B_{\beta}$ then $B_{\alpha}\subseteq B_{\beta}$, o if $\lambda\leq \alpha$ and $\lambda$ is a limit…

For an algebraic number $\alpha$ of degree $n$, let $\mathcal{M}_{\alpha}$ be the $\mathbb{Z}$-module generated by $1,\alpha ,\ldots ,\alpha^{n-1}$; then $\mathbb{Z}_{\alpha}:=\{\xi\in\mathbb{Q} (\alpha ):\,…

We study the topological version of the partition calculus in the setting of countable ordinals. Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be ordinals and let $k$ be a positive integer. We write $\beta\to_{top}(\alpha,k)^2$ to mean that, for every red-blue…

We consider pairs of operators $A,B\in B(H)$, where $H$ is a Hilbert space, such that there exist a linear isometry $f$ from the span of $\{A,B\}$ into $\mathbb{C}^2$ mapping $A,B$ into orthonormal vectors. We prove some necessary…

Two triangles are called orthologic if the perpendiculars from the vertices of one of them to the sides of the other are concurrent. In this paper, we explore the concept of orthology from various points of view. Mostly we work in terms of…

The current paper answers an open question of abs/1007.2426 We say that a countable model M characterizes an infinite cardinal kappa, if the Scott sentence of M has a model in cardinality kappa, but no models in cardinality kappa plus. If M…

Two normal functionals on a JBW$^*$-triple are known to be orthogonal if and only if they are $L$-orthogonal (meaning that they span an isometric copy of $\ell_1(2)$). This is shown to be stable under small norm perturbations in the…

Given a cardinal $\kappa$ and a sequence $\left(\alpha_i\right)_{i\in\kappa}$ of ordinals, we determine the least ordinal $\beta$ (when one exists) such that the topological partition relation…

A graph is said to be orthogonalisable if the set of real symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal pattern is prescribed by its edges contains an orthogonal matrix. We determine some necessary and some sufficient conditions on the sizes of the…

Two latin squares are orthogonal if, when they are superimposed, every ordered pair of symbols appears exactly once. This definition extends naturally to `incomplete' latin squares each having a hole on the same rows, columns, and symbols.…

A pair of planes, both projective or both affine, of the same order and on the same pointset are orthogoval if each line of one plane intersects each line of the other plane in at most two points. In this paper we prove new constructions…

Schinzel and W\'ojcik have shown that if $\alpha, \beta$ are rational numbers not $0$ or $\pm 1$, then $\mathrm{ord}_p(\alpha)=\mathrm{ord}_p(\beta)$ for infinitely many primes $p$, where $\mathrm{ord}_p(\cdot)$ denotes the order in…

Let \alpha be a countable ordinal and \P(\alpha) the collection of its subsets isomorphic to \alpha. We show that the separative quotient of the set \P (\alpha) ordered by the inclusion is isomorphic to a forcing product of iterated reduced…

It is well-known that lens maps are convex mappings defined in the unit disc to itself. In this brief note, we show that these mappings are convex of order $\alpha>0$, and starlike of order $\beta>0$, and establish the precise orders in…

The cycles of a graph give a natural cyclic ordering to their edge-sets, and these orderings are consistent in that two edges are adjacent in one cycle if and only if they are adjacent in every cycle in which they appear together. An…

A well ordering < of a topological space X is "left-separating" if $\{x'\in X: x'< x\}$ is closed in X for any x in X. A space is "left-separated" if it has a left-separating well-ordering. The left-separating type, $ord_l(X)$, of a…

For each countable ordinal $\alpha$, we introduce an ideal $conv_\alpha$ and use it to characterize the class of all compact countable spaces which are homeomorphic to the space $\omega^{\alpha}\cdot n+1$ with the order topology. The…

An algebraic tree T is one determined by a finite system of fixed point equations. The frontier \Fr(T) of an algebraic tree t is linearly ordered by the lexicographic order \lex. When (\Fr(T),\lex) is well-ordered, its order type is an…