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In hydrodynamicalmodeling of heavy-ion collisions the initial state spatial anisotropies translate into momentum anisotropies of the final state particle distributions. Thus, understanding the origin of the initial anisotropies and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-06-26 M. Alvioli , H. Holopainen , K. J. Eskola , M. Strikman

We study within the IP-Glasma and two-component MC-Glauber models the effects of initial state geometry and fluctuations on multiplicities and eccentricities for several collision species at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-03-11 Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

In hydrodynamical modeling of heavy-ion collisions, the initial-state spatial anisotropies are translated into momentum anisotropies of the final-state particle distributions. Thus, understanding the origin of the initial-state anisotropies…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-03-12 M. Alvioli , H. Holopainen , K. J. Eskola , M. Strikman

The initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions are calculated in many different frameworks. The importance of nucleon position fluctuations within the nucleus and sub-nucleon structure has been established when modeling initial conditions…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-17 R. Snyder , M. Byres , S. H. Lim , J. L. Nagle

Since their discovery, fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have been understood as originating mostly from the random positions of nucleons within the colliding nuclei. We consider an alternative approach where all the…

We compute initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) framework by combining the impact parameter dependent saturation model (IP-Sat) with the classical Yang-Mills description of initial Glasma…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-06-20 Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

Heavy-ion experiments provide a new opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the structure of nuclei. To achieve this, it is crucial to identify observables under circumstances that are minimally affected by the process that leads to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-21 S. M. A. Tabatabaee , S. F. Taghavi

Flow has emerged as a crucial probe for the properties of the thermalized medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The evolution of initial state fluctuations leaves imprints on the power spectrum of flow coefficients.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-06-29 Shreyansh S. Dave , Saumia P. S. , Ajit M. Srivastava

It was argued in arXiv:1805.09342 and arXiv:1807.00825 that the systematics of the azimuthal anisotropy coefficients $v_{2,3}$ measured in ultrarelativistic light-heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC can be described in an initial state…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-05 Mark Mace , Vladimir V. Skokov , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

Although relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a powerful probe for studying nuclear structure, the potential influence of nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (NN-SRCs) on the initial state has remained an open question. By…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-01 Pei Li , Kai-Jia Sun , Bo Zhou , Guo-Liang Ma

Sub-nuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions impact not only transverse long-range correlations of small systems, but also the creation of longitudinal structures, seen in particle detectors as longitudinal…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-02 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic…

We discuss differences between the IP-Glasma model and typical wounded-nucleon model like initial conditions. We point out that the IP-Glasma initial state is more compact in the transverse plane and produces a significant initial flow,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Björn Schenke , Chun Shen , Prithwish Tribedy

We explore the effects of including the energy dependence determined from evolution equations within the color glass condensate framework on observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This amounts to integrating the JIMWLK…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-10 Heikki Mäntysaari , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen , Wenbin Zhao

It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-23 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

Recently the effect of nucleon shadowing on the Monte-Carlo Glauber initial condition was studied and its role on the centrality dependence of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and fluctuations in initial eccentricity for different colliding nuclei…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Pingal Dasgupta , Rupa Chatterjee , Sushant K. Singh , Jan-e Alam

In the context of event-by-event hydrodynamic description, we analyze the implications of two models characterized by distinct initial conditions. The initial energy density of the first model adopts a Gaussian-type distribution, while…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-02 Dan Wen , Kai Lin , Wei-Liang Qian , Bin Wang , Yogiro Hama , Takeshi Kodama

Correlations between mean transverse momentum $[p_{\rm T}]$ and anisotropic flow coefficients $v_{\rm 2}$ or $v_{\rm 3}$ are measured as a function of centrality in Pb$-$Pb and Xe$-$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV and 5.44…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-12-02 ALICE Collaboration

We apply the successful Monte Carlo Glauber and IP-Glasma initial state models of heavy ion collisions to the much smaller size systems produced in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and deuteron- nucleus collisions. We observe a significantly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-06-26 Adam Bzdak , Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

Recent estimates that Color Glass Condensate initial conditions may generate a larger initial eccentricity for noncentral relativistic heavy ion collisions (relative to the initial eccentricity assumed in earlier hydrodynamic calculations)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 T. Lappi , R. Venugopalan
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