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Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

The resonant modes of optical cavities provide a powerful resource for laser-frequency stabilization, underpinning high-precision metrology and coherent signal generation. Photonic resonators in which the optical mode propagates through…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-12 Lindell M. Williams , Grant M. Brodnik , Scott B. Papp

We develop a multipolar theory of second-harmonic generation (SHG) by dielectric nanoparticles made of noncentrosymmetric materials with bulk quadratic nonlinearity. We specifically analyze two regimes of optical excitation: illumination by…

This study presents an investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) resulting from interaction of radially polarized laser beam propagating in homogeneous, unmagnetized plasma. Lorentz force and continuity equations have been used to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shivani Aggarwal , Saumya Singh , Dinkar Mishra , Bhupesh Kumar , Pallavi Jha

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a fundamental nonlinear optical process widely used in photonics; however, it is strictly forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials due to their inversion symmetry. Nevertheless, applying an…

The optical emittance of a hole pair perforated in an opaque metal film is studied from first-principles using the coupled-mode method. The geometrical simplicity of this system helps to understand the fundamental role played by surface…

Optics · Physics 2011-09-09 F. de León-Pérez , F. J. García-Vidal , L. Martín-Moreno

We investigate second harmonic (SH) generation in a doubly resonant metamaterial. We show that SH generation can be enhanced when the resonant condition is satisfied for the SH frequency as well as for the fundamental frequency. A unit cell…

We theoretically investigate the second harmonic generation (SHG) of topological insulator surface states in a perpendicular magnetic field. Our theory is based on the microscopic expression of the second-order magneto-optical conductivity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Kainan Chang , Muhammad Zubair , Jin Luo Cheng , Wang-Kong Tse

A new concept for second-harmonic generation (SHG) in an optical nanocircuit is proposed. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the symmetry of an optical mode alone is sufficient to allow SHG even in centro-symmetric…

Optical harmonic generation on excitons is found in ZnSe/BeTe quantum wells with type-II band alignment. Two experimental approaches with spectrally-broad femtosecond laser pulses and spectrally-narrow picosecond pulses are used for…

We theoretically predict efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from a few hundred nanometer thick slab consisting of a quadratic nonlinear anisotropic medium whose linear principal permittivities are, at the fundamental…

Optics · Physics 2011-03-16 Alessandro Ciattoni

We have investigated second harmonic generation (SHG) from Ag-coated LiNbO3 (LN) core-shell nanocuboids and found that giant SHG can occur via deliberately designed double plasmonic resonances. By controlling the aspect ratio, we can tune…

Optics · Physics 2014-11-19 Ming-Liang Ren , Si-Yuan Liu , Ben-Li Wang , Bao-Qin Chen , Jiafang Li , Zhi-Yuan Li

Generation of electromagnetic radiation near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency during the injection of an electron beam into a rippled-density plasma channel is investigated using both analytical theory and particle-in-cell…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 V. V. Annenkov , E. A. Berendeev , E. P. Volchok , I. V. Timofeev

By using numerical and analytical methods, we describe the generation of fine-scale lateral electromagnetic waves, called surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs), on atomically thick, metamaterial conducting sheets in two spatial dimensions (2D).…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 Matthias Maier , Dionisios Margetis , Mitchell Luskin

Second-harmonic generation microscopy is a powerful technique capable of probing local crystal symmetries and electric fields at interfaces. However, it often suffers from weak signal strength and is difficult to understand in multilayer…

Second-harmonic (SH) generation is tremendously important for nonlinear sensing, microscopy and communication system. One of the great challenges of current designs is to enhance the SH signal and simultaneously tune its radiation direction…

We present theoretical studies of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) produced by non-homogeneous fields as resulting from the illumination of plasmonic nanostructures with a short laser pulse. We show that both the inhomogeneity of the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-04-27 M. F. Ciappina , J. Biegert , R. Quidant , M. Lewenstein

The second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility $\Pi^{(2)}$ for second harmonic generation is calculated for gapped graphene. The linear and second-order nonlinear plasmon excitations are investigated in context of second harmonic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Godfrey Gumbs , Yonatan Abranyos , Upali Aparajita , Oleksiy Roslyak

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has typically been explored in transparent dielectrics and semiconductors. Metals have long been dismissed due to their strong reflectivity at infrared wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate HHG from…

The second-harmonic generation of 150 nm spherical gold nanoparticles is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. We demonstrate that the interference effects between dipolar and octupolar plasmons can be used as a fingerprint to…