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Reinforcement learning methods for robotics are increasingly successful due to the constant development of better policy gradient techniques. A precise (low variance) and accurate (low bias) gradient estimator is crucial to face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 João Carvalho , Davide Tateo , Fabio Muratore , Jan Peters

A density estimation method in a Bayesian nonparametric framework is presented when recorded data are not coming directly from the distribution of interest, but from a length biased version. From a Bayesian perspective, efforts to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-23 Spyridon J. Hatjispyros , Theodoros Nicoleris , Stephen G. Walker

A probability density function (pdf) encodes the entire stochastic knowledge about data distribution, where data may represent stochastic observations in robotics, transition state pairs in reinforcement learning or any other empirically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

Neural network-based methods for (un)conditional density estimation have recently gained substantial attention, as various neural density estimators have outperformed classical approaches in real-data experiments. Despite these empirical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-02 Dehao Dai , Jianqing Fan , Yihong Gu , Debarghya Mukherjee

Selectivity estimation - the problem of estimating the result size of queries - is a fundamental problem in databases. Accurate estimation of query selectivity involving multiple correlated attributes is especially challenging. Poor…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Shohedul Hasan , Saravanan Thirumuruganathan , Jees Augustine , Nick Koudas , Gautam Das

The ability to remove unwanted dependencies from data is crucial in various domains, including fairness, robust learning, and privacy protection. In this work, we propose an encoder-based approach that learns a representation independent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Kathleen Anderson , Thomas Martinetz

Modal regression is aimed at estimating the global mode (i.e., global maximum) of the conditional density function of the output variable given input variables, and has led to regression methods robust against heavy-tailed or skewed noises.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-21 Hiroaki Sasaki , Tomoya Sakai , Takafumi Kanamori

The estimation of a density profile from experimental data points is a challenging problem, usually tackled by plotting a histogram. Prior assumptions on the nature of the density, from its smoothness to the specification of its form, allow…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-13 Alberto Bernacchia , Simone Pigolotti

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is one of the most widely used nonparametric density estimation methods. The fact that it is a memory-based method, i.e., it uses the entire training data set for prediction, makes it unsuitable for most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Joseph A. Gallego , Juan F. Osorio , Fabio A. González

Probability density estimation is a core problem of statistics and signal processing. Moment methods are an important means of density estimation, but they are generally strongly dependent on the choice of feasible functions, which severely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Guangyu Wu , Anders Lindquist

We estimate on a compact interval densities with isolated irregularities, such as discontinuities or discontinuities in some derivatives. From independent and identically distributed observations we construct a kernel estimator with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Céline Duval , Émeline Schmisser

The question of how best to estimate a continuous probability density from finite data is an intriguing open problem at the interface of statistics and physics. Previous work has argued that this problem can be addressed in a natural way…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-07-16 Justin B. Kinney

Mean shift clustering finds the modes of the data probability density by identifying the zero points of the density gradient. Since it does not require to fix the number of clusters in advance, the mean shift has been a popular clustering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-04-22 Hiroaki Sasaki , Aapo Hyvärinen , Masashi Sugiyama

Density ratio estimation (DRE) is a useful tool for quantifying discrepancies between probability distributions, but existing approaches often involve a trade-off between estimation quality and computational efficiency. Classical direct DRE…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Wei Chen , Qibin Zhao , John Paisley , Junmei Yang , Delu Zeng

Density power divergence (DPD) is designed to robustly estimate the underlying distribution of observations, in the presence of outliers. However, DPD involves an integral of the power of the parametric density models to be estimated; the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Akifumi Okuno

Cardinality estimation has long been grounded in statistical tools for density estimation. To capture the rich multivariate distributions of relational tables, we propose the use of a new type of high-capacity statistical model: deep…

This paper proposes a novel method for testing observability in Gaussian models using discrete density approximations (deterministic samples) of (multivariate) Gaussians. Our notion of observability is defined by the existence of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Ariane Hanebeck , Claudia Czado

This paper introduces a new approach for the computation of electromagnetic field derivatives, up to any order, with respect to the material and geometric parameters of a given geometry, in a single Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Kae-An Liu , Hans-Dieter Lang , Costas D. Sarris

We propose a direct estimation method for R\'{e}nyi and f-divergence measures based on a new graph theoretical interpretation. Suppose that we are given two sample sets $X$ and $Y$, respectively with $N$ and $M$ samples, where $\eta:=M/N$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Morteza Noshad , Kevin R. Moon , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh , Alfred O. Hero

This paper introduces a novel direct approach to system identification of dynamic networks with missing data based on maximum likelihood estimation. Dynamic networks generally present a singular probability density function, which poses a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 João Victor Galvão da Mata , Anders Hansson , Martin S. Andersen