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We consider the infinite one-sided sequence generated by the period-doubling substitution $\sigma(a,b)=(ab,aa)$, denoted by $\mathbb{D}$. Since $\mathbb{D}$ is uniformly recurrent, each factor $\omega$ appears infinite many times in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Huang Yuke , Wen Zhiying

Many identities written by $P=S=C$ are obtained, where $P$ infinite products, $S$ infinite series, and $C$ continued fractions. Such equality is called {\it triplicity}, and it can be used to compute the values of infinite series. It is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Kiyoshi Sogo

We define an enumerative function F(n,k,P,m) which is a generalization of binomial coefficients. Special cases of this function are also power function, factorials, rising factorials and falling factorials. The first section of the paper is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-01-19 Milan Janjic

Lame equation arises from deriving Laplace equation in ellipsoidal coordinates; in other words, it's called ellipsoidal harmonic equation. Lame functions are applicable to diverse areas such as boundary value problems in ellipsoidal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-30 Yoon Seok Choun

We give closed form expressions for the numbers of multi-rooted plane trees with specified degrees of root vertices. This results in an infinite number of integer sequences some of which are known to have an alternative interpretation. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Anwar Al Ghabra , K. Gopala Krishna , Patrick Labelle , Vasilisa Shramchenko

We discuss generic smooth maps from smooth manifolds to smooth surfaces, which we call "Morse 2-functions", and homotopies between such maps. The two central issues are to keep the fibers connected, in which case the Morse 2-function is…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-07-13 David T. Gay , Robion Kirby

We consider a free (2 k)-form gauge-field on a Euclidean (4 k + 2)-manifold. The parameters needed to specify the action and the gauge-invariant observables take their values in spaces with natural complex structures. We show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 Mans Henningson , Bengt E. W. Nilsson , Per Salomonson

We classify the twisted tensor products of a finite set algebra with a two elements set algebra using colored quivers obtained through considerations analogous to Ore extensions. This provides also a classification of entwining structures…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-06-17 Claude Cibils

For the purposes of this paper supercongruences are congruences between terminating hypergeometric series and quotients of $p$-adic Gamma functions that are stronger than those one can expect to prove using commutative formal group laws. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-04 Ling Long , Ravi Ramakrishna

We here first study the state space realization of a tensor-product of a pair of rational functions. At the expense of "inflating" the dimensions, we recover the classical expressions for realization of a regular product of rational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-05 Daniel Alpay , Izchak Lewkowicz

The Dirichlet lambda function $\lambda(s)$ is defined for $\mathrm{Re}(s) > 1$ by \[ \lambda(s) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(2n+1)^s}. \] This function was initially studied by Euler on the real line, where he denoted it by $N(s)$. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Su Hu , Min-Soo Kim

Let $${\mathcal K}_n := \left\{p_n: p_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n{a_k z^k}, \enspace a_k \in {\mathbb C}\,,\enspace |a_k| = 1 \right\}\,.$$ A sequence $(P_n)$ of polynomials $P_n \in {\mathcal K}_n$ is called ultraflat if $(n +…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Tamás Erdélyi

The integral representation of the Hadamard product of two functions is used to prove several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain three binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-10 Khristo N. Boyadzhiev

The multiple gamma function $\Gamma_n$, defined by a recurrence-functional equation as a generalization of the Euler gamma function, was originally introduced by Kinkelin, Glaisher, and Barnes around 1900. Today, due to the pioneer work of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-07 V. S. Adamchik

Arrowed Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns have recently been introduced to study alternating sign matrices. In this paper, we show that a $(-1)$-enumeration of arrowed Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns can be expressed by a simple product formula. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Ilse Fischer , Florian Schreier-Aigner

Using the notions and tools from realization in the sense of systems theory, we establish an explicit and new realization formula for families of infinite products of rational matrix-functions of a single complex variable. Our realizations…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-02-09 Daniel Alpay , Palle Jorgensen , Izchak Lewkowicz

In this paper, we use the Thue-Morse sequence and the paperfolding sequence to build a Dirichlet series that evaluates to a linear combination of the Riemann zeta function at odd positive integers and odd powers of $\pi$. In doing so, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-07 László Tóth

Let $V$ be a vector space with countable dimension over a field, and let $u$ be an endomorphism of it which is locally finite, i.e. $(u^k(x))_{k \geq 0}$ is linearly dependent for all $x$ in $V$. We give several necessary and sufficient…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-07-12 Clément de Seguins Pazzis

We study analytic and arithmetic properties of the elliptic gamma function $$ \prod_{m,n=0}^\infty\frac{1-x^{-1}q^{m+1}p^{n+1}}{1-xq^mp^n}, \qquad |q|,|p|<1, $$ in the regime $p=q$; in particular, its connection with the elliptic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-02 Vicenţiu Paşol , Wadim Zudilin

We explore a new form of DFT, which we call the Polynomial Transform. It functions over finite fields, and a size $n$ transform takes $O(n)$ operations. In the multitape Turing machine model, it allows us to multiply two $n$ bit numbers in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Matt Groff