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Extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays are sensitive to the details of hadronic interactions models, so we present the main results obtained using the data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The depth at which the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-21 J. Espadanal

Recent measurements at the LHC of the p-p total cross section have reduced the uncertainty in simulations of cosmic ray air showers. In particular of the depth of shower maximum, called $X_{max}$. However, uncertainties of other important…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-05-18 R. U. Abbasi , G. B. Thomson

Cross sections for proton inelastic collision with different nuclei are described within the Glauber approximation. The significant difference between approximate ``Glauber'' formula and exact calculations with geometrical scaling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Tadeusz Wibig

Spin-dependent total pbar-d cross sections are considered using the optical theorem. For this aim the full spin dependence of the forward pbar-d elastic scattering amplitude is considered in a model independent way. The single-scattering…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-03-12 Yu. N. Uzikov , J. Haidenbauer

A generic expression to compute triple parton scattering (TPS) cross sections in high-energy proton-nucleus (pA) collisions is derived as a function of the corresponding single-parton cross sections and an effective parameter encoding the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-28 David d'Enterria , Alexander M. Snigirev

The status of hadron-hadron interactions is reviewed, with emphasis on the forward and near-forward scattering regions. From analyticity, Finite Energy Sum Rules are introduced from which new analyticity constraints are derived that exploit…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Martin M. Block

In the analysis of experimental data on $p p$ (or $\bar p p$) elastic differential cross section it is customary to define an average forward slope $b$ in the form $\exp{(-b|t|)}$, where $t$ is the momentum transfer. Taking as working…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-04-04 C. Bourrely , J. Soffer , T. T. Wu

Measurements of cosmic ray particles at energies above E = 5 x 10^{14} eV are performed by large area ground based air shower experiments. Only they provide the collection power required for obtaining sufficient statistics at the low flux…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Karl-Heinz Kampert

The experiment KASCADE observes simultaneously the electron-photon, muon, and hadron components of high-energy extensive air showers (EAS). The analysis of EAS observables for an estimate of energy and mass of the primary particle invokes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 T. Antoni

Motivated by a schematic model of multiple parton scattering within the Glauber formalism, the transverse momentum spectra in $pA$ and $AA$ collisions are analyzed in terms of a nuclear modification factor with respect to $pp$ collisions.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Enke Wang , Xin-Nian Wang

Resonant photopion production with the cosmic microwave background predicts a suppression of extragalactic protons above the famous Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff at about E_{GZK} ~ 5 x 10^10 GeV. Current cosmic ray data measured by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Markus Ahlers , Andreas Ringwald , Huitzu Tu

The differential cross sections of elastic proton-proton (pp) and proton-antiproton (pp\bar) scattering are studied in a holographic QCD model, considering the strong and Coulomb interaction in the Regge regime. Based on previous studies of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-06 Yu-Peng Zhang , Xun Chen , Xiao-Hua Li , Akira Watanabe

The scaling properties of direct photon production in pp, barpp and pA collisions at high energies is reviewed. The experimental data on the cross sections obtained at ISR, SpS and Tevatron are used in the analysis. The properties of data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Tokarev , G. Efimov

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first we want to introduce a new type of hadronic interaction model (NEXUS), which has a much more solid theoretical basis as, for example, presently used models like QGSJET and VENUS, and ensures…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 G. Bossard , H. J. Drescher , N. N. Kalmykov , S. Ostapchenko , A. I. Pavlov , T. Pierog , E. A. Vishnevskaya , K. Werner

Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Haungs

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , Alexander Aab , Pedro Abreu , Marco Aglietta , Eun-Joo Ahn , Imen Al Samarai , Ivone Albuquerque , Ingomar Allekotte , Patrick Allison , Alejandro Almela , Jesus Alvarez Castillo , Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz , Rafael Alves Batista , Michelangelo Ambrosio , Amin Aminaei , Gioacchino Alex Anastasi , Luis Anchordoqui , Sofia Andringa , Carla Aramo , Fernando Arqueros , Nicusor Arsene , Hernán Gonzalo Asorey , Pedro Assis , Julien Aublin , Gualberto Avila , Nafiun Awal , Alina Mihaela Badescu , Colin Baus , Jim Beatty , Karl Heinz Becker , Jose A. Bellido , Corinne Berat , Mario Edoardo Bertaina , Xavier Bertou , Peter Biermann , Pierre Billoir , Simon G. Blaess , Alberto Blanco , Miguel Blanco , Jiri Blazek , Carla Bleve , Hans Blümer , Martina Boháčová , Denise Boncioli , Carla Bonifazi , Nataliia Borodai , Jeffrey Brack , Iliana Brancus , Thomas Bretz , Ariel Bridgeman , Pedro Brogueira , Peter Buchholz , Antonio Bueno , Stijn Buitink , Mario Buscemi , Karen S. Caballero-Mora , Barbara Caccianiga , Lorenzo Caccianiga , Marina Candusso , Laurentiu Caramete , Rossella Caruso , Antonella Castellina , Gabriella Cataldi , Lorenzo Cazon , Rosanna Cester , Alan G. Chavez , Andrea Chiavassa , Jose Augusto Chinellato , Jiri Chudoba , Marco Cilmo , Roger W Clay , Giuseppe Cocciolo , Roberta Colalillo , Alan Coleman , Laura Collica , Maria Rita Coluccia , Ruben Conceição , Fernando Contreras , Mathew J. Cooper , Alain Cordier , Stephane Coutu , Corbin Covault , James Cronin , Richard Dallier , Bruno Daniel , Sergio Dasso , Kai Daumiller , Bruce R. Dawson , Rogerio M. de Almeida , Sijbrand J. de Jong , Giuseppe De Mauro , Joao de Mello Neto , Ivan De Mitri , Jaime de Oliveira , Vitor de Souza , Luis del Peral , Olivier Deligny , Niraj Dhital , Claudio Di Giulio , Armando Di Matteo , Johana Chirinos Diaz , Mary Lucia Díaz Castro , Francisco Diogo , Carola Dobrigkeit , Wendy Docters , Juan Carlos D'Olivo , Alexei Dorofeev , Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh , Rita dos Anjos , Maria Teresa Dova , Jan Ebr , Ralph Engel , Martin Erdmann , Mona Erfani , Carlos O. Escobar , Joao Espadanal , Alberto Etchegoyen , Heino Falcke , Ke Fang , Glennys Farrar , Anderson Fauth , Norberto Fazzini , Andrew P. Ferguson , Brian Fick , Juan Manuel Figueira , Alberto Filevich , Andrej Filipčič , Octavian Fratu , Martín Miguel Freire , Toshihiro Fujii , Beatriz García , Diego Garcia-Gamez , Diego Garcia-Pinto , Florian Gate , Hartmut Gemmeke , Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu , Piera Luisa Ghia , Ugo Giaccari , Marco Giammarchi , Maria Giller , Dariusz Głas , Christian Glaser , Henry Glass , Geraldina Golup , Mariano Gómez Berisso , Primo F. Gómez Vitale , Nicolás González , Ben Gookin , Jacob Gordon , Alessio Gorgi , Peter Gorham , Philippe Gouffon , Nathan Griffith , Aurelio Grillo , Trent D. Grubb , Fausto Guarino , Germano Guedes , Matías Rolf Hampel , Patricia Hansen , Diego Harari , Thomas A. Harrison , Sebastian Hartmann , John Harton , Andreas Haungs , Thomas Hebbeker , Dieter Heck , Philipp Heimann , Alexander E. Herve , Gary C. Hill , Carlos Hojvat , Nicholas Hollon , Ewa Holt , Piotr Homola , Jörg Hörandel , Pavel Horvath , Miroslav Hrabovský , Daniel Huber , Tim Huege , Antonio Insolia , Paula Gina Isar , Ingolf Jandt , Stefan Jansen , Cecilia Jarne , Jeffrey A. Johnsen , Mariela Josebachuili , Alex Kääpä , Olga Kambeitz , Karl Heinz Kampert , Peter Kasper , Igor Katkov , Bianca Keilhauer , Ernesto Kemp , Roger Kieckhafer , Hans Klages , Matthias Kleifges , Jonny Kleinfeller , Raphael Krause , Nicole Krohm , Daniel Kuempel , Gasper Kukec Mezek , Norbert Kunka , Alaa Metwaly Kuotb Awad , Danielle LaHurd , Luca Latronico , Robert Lauer , Markus Lauscher , Pascal Lautridou , Sandra Le Coz , Didier Lebrun , Paul Lebrun , Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira , Antoine Letessier-Selvon , Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon , Katrin Link , Luis Lopes , Rebeca López , Aida López Casado , Karim Louedec , Agustin Lucero , Max Malacari , Manuela Mallamaci , Jennifer Maller , Dusan Mandat , Paul Mantsch , Analisa Mariazzi , Vincent Marin , Ioana Mariş , Giovanni Marsella , Daniele Martello , Humberto Martinez , Oscar Martínez Bravo , Diane Martraire , Jimmy Masías Meza , Hermann-Josef Mathes , Sebastian Mathys , James Matthews , John Matthews , Giorgio Matthiae , Daniela Maurizio , Eric Mayotte , Peter Mazur , Carlos Medina , Gustavo Medina-Tanco , Rebecca Meissner , Victor Mello , Diego Melo , Alexander Menshikov , Stefano Messina , Maria Isabel Micheletti , Lukas Middendorf , Ignacio A. Minaya , Lino Miramonti , Bogdan Mitrica , Laura Molina-Bueno , Silvia Mollerach , François Montanet , Carlo Morello , Miguel Mostafá , Celio A. Moura , Marcio Aparecido Muller , Gero Müller , Sarah Müller , Sergio Navas , Petr Necesal , Lukas Nellen , Anna Nelles , Jens Neuser , Phong H. Nguyen , Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu , Marcus Niechciol , Lukas Niemietz , Tim Niggemann , Dave Nitz , Dalibor Nosek , Vladimir Novotny , Lyberis Nožka , Luis Núñez , Livingstone Ochilo , Foteini Oikonomou , Angela Olinto , Noelia Pacheco , Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei , Miroslav Palatka , Juan Pallotta , Philipp Papenbreer , Gonzalo Parente , Alejandra Parra , Thomas Paul , Miroslav Pech , Jan Pękala , Rodrigo Pelayo , Iuri Pepe , Lorenzo Perrone , Emily Petermann , Christine Peters , Sergio Petrera , Yevgeniy Petrov , Jamyang Phuntsok , Ricardo Piegaia , Tanguy Pierog , Pablo Pieroni , Mário Pimenta , Valerio Pirronello , Manuel Platino , Matthias Plum , Alessio Porcelli , Czeslaw Porowski , Raul Ribeiro Prado , Paolo Privitera , Michael Prouza , Eduardo J Quel , Sven Querchfeld , Sean Quinn , Julian Rautenberg , Olivier Ravel , Diego Ravignani , Darius Reinert , Benoît Revenu , Jan Ridky , Markus Risse , Pablo Ristori , Vincenzo Rizi , Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho , Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo , Maria Dolores Rodríguez-Frías , Dmytro Rogozin , Jaime Rosado , Markus Roth , Esteban Roulet , Adrian Rovero , Steven J. Saffi , Alexandra Saftoiu , Humberto Salazar , Ahmed Saleh , Francisco Salesa Greus , Gaetano Salina , Jose Sanabria Gomez , Federico Sánchez , Patricia Sanchez-Lucas , Edivaldo Moura Santos , Eva Santos , Fred Sarazin , Biswaijt Sarkar , Raul Sarmento , Christian Sarmiento-Cano , Ricardo Sato , Carlos Scarso , Markus Schauer , Viviana Scherini , Harald Schieler , David Schmidt , Olaf Scholten , Harm Schoorlemmer , Petr Schovánek , Frank G. Schröder , Alexander Schulz , Johannes Schulz , Johannes Schumacher , Sergio Sciutto , Alberto Segreto , Mariangela Settimo , Amir Shadkam , Ronald C. Shellard , Guenter Sigl , Octavian Sima , Andrzej Śmiałkowski , Radomir Šmída , Gregory Snow , Paul Sommers , Sebastian Sonntag , J. Sorokin , Ruben Squartini , Yogendra N. Srivastava , Denis Stanca , Samo Stanič , James Stapleton , Jaroslaw Stasielak , Maurice Stephan , Anne Stutz , Federico Suarez , Mauricio Suarez Durán , Tiina Suomijärvi , A. Daniel Supanitsky , Michael Sutherland , John Swain , Zbigniew Szadkowski , Oscar Alejandro Taborda , Alex Tapia , Andreas Tepe , Vanessa Menezes Theodoro , Charles Timmermans , Carlos J. Todero Peixoto , Gabriel Toma , Lenka Tomankova , Bernardo Tomé , Aurelio Tonachini , Guillermo Torralba Elipe , Diego Torres Machado , Petr Travnicek , Marta Trini , Ralf Ulrich , Michael Unger , Martin Urban , Jose F. Valdés Galicia , Ines Valiño , Laura Valore , Guus van Aar , Patrick van Bodegom , Ad M. van den Berg , Sjoert van Velzen , Arjen van Vliet , Enrique Varela , Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas , Gary Varner , Rafael Vasquez , Jose R. Vázquez , Ricardo Vázquez , Darko Veberič , Valerio Verzi , Jakub Vicha , Mariela Videla , Luis Villaseñor , Brian Vlcek , Serguei Vorobiov , Hernan Wahlberg , Oscar Wainberg , David Walz , Alan Watson , Marc Weber , Klaus Weidenhaupt , Andreas Weindl , Christoph Welling , Felix Werner , Allan Widom , Lawrence Wiencke , Henryk Wilczyński , Tobias Winchen , David Wittkowski , Brian Wundheiler , Sarka Wykes , Lili Yang , Tolga Yapici , Alexey Yushkov , Enrique Zas , Danilo Zavrtanik , Marko Zavrtanik , Arnulfo Zepeda , Benedikt Zimmermann , Michael Ziolkowski , Francesca Zuccarello

In this work we estimate the heavy quark production in the interaction of ultra high energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere, considering that the primary cosmic ray is a proton or a photon. At these energies the saturation momentum Q_{sat}^2…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-10-27 V. P. Goncalves , M. V. T. Machado

We have measured differential cross sections for \pp elastic scattering with internal fiber targets in the recirculating beam of the proton synchrotron COSY. Measurements were made continuously during acceleration for projectile kinetic…

We analyse the pp and p\=p elastic scattering amplitudes using the data of several CERN and FERMILAB experiments, revisiting ideas proposed by Andr\'e Martin based on analytic continuation and crossing symmetry. Introducing a new form for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-10-25 Anderson Kendi Kohara

In this paper the updated arguments in favor of a simple model, explaining from the united positions all peculiarities of the Extensive Air Shower (EAS) hadron E_h(E_0) (and muon E_mu(E_0)) component energy fluxes dependence on the primary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. T. Barnaveli , T. T. Barnaveli , N. A. Eristavi , I. V. Khaldeeva
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