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The interdependence of luminosity distance, $D_L$ and angular diameter distance, $D_A$ given by the distance duality relation (DDR) is very significant in observational cosmology. It is very closely tied with the temperature- redshift…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-27 Akshay Rana , Deepak Jain , Shobhit Mahajan , Amitabha Mukherjee

The cosmic Distance Duality Relation (DDR) is a fundamental prediction of metric gravity under photon number conservation. In this work, we perform a model-independent test of the DDR using Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), \emph{Fermi}…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Yukang Xie , Yang Liu , Puxun Wu , Xiangyun Fu , Nan Liang

We study the validity of cosmic distance duality relation between angular diameter and luminosity distances. To test this duality relation we use the latest Union2 Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) data for estimating the luminosity distance. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Remya Nair , Sanjay Jhingan , Deepak Jain

The gas depletion factor $\gamma(z)$, i.e., the average ratio of the gas mass fraction to the cosmic mean baryon fraction of galaxy clusters, plays a very important role in the cosmological application of the gas mass fraction measurements.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-12 Xiaogang Zheng , Jing-Zhao Qi , Shuo Cao , Tonghua Liu , Marek Biesiada , Sylwia Miernik , Zong-Hong Zhu

The distance duality relation (DDR) is valid in Riemannian spacetime. The astronomical data hint that the universe may have certain preferred direction. If the universe is described by anisotropic cosmological models based on Riemannian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-20 Xin Li , Li Tang , Hai-Nan Lin

One of the most crucial tests of the standard cosmological model consists on testing possible variations on fundamental physical constants. In frameworks such as the minimally extended varying speed of light model (meVSL), the relationship…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Jaiane Santos , Carlos Bengaly , Rodrigo S. Gonçalves

The clustering ratio $\eta$, a large-scale structure observable originally designed to constrain the shape of the power spectrum of matter density fluctuations, is shown to provide a sensitive probe of the nature of gravity in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Julien Bel , Philippe Brax , Christian Marinoni , Patrick Valageas

The Etherington reciprocity theorem, or distance duality relation (DDR), relates the mutual scaling of cosmic distances in any metric theory of gravity where photons are massless and propagate on null geodesics. In this paper, we make use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-19 Fabrizio Renzi , Natalie B. Hogg , William Giarè

We present a joint test of cosmic curvature, $\Omega_{k0}$, and the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) using the Etherington relation, which connects the luminosity and angular diameter distances at the same redshift. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Darshan Kumar , Jie Zheng , Zhi-Qiang You , Da-Chun Qiang

One of the fundamental results used in observational cosmology is the distance duality relation (DDR), which relates the luminosity distance, $D_L$, with angular diameter distance, $D_A$, at a given redshift $z$. We employ the observed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Prabhakar Tiwari

Two types of distance measurement are important in cosmological observations, the angular diameter distance $d_A$ and the luminosity distance $d_L$. In the present work, we carried out an assessment of the theoretical relation between these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Purba Mukherjee , Ankan Mukherjee

We demonstrate that constraints on cosmological parameters from the distribution of clusters as a function of redshift (dN/dz) are complementary to accurate angular diameter distance (D_A) measurements to clusters, and their combination…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. M. Molnar , Z. Haiman , M. Birkinshaw , R. F. Mushotzky

In cosmology, distances based on standard candles (e.g. supernovae) and standard rulers (e.g. baryon oscillations) agree as long as three conditions are met: (1) photon number is conserved, (2) gravity is described by a metric theory with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Bruce A. Bassett , Martin Kunz

The measurement of angular diameter distance to galaxy clusters, through combined Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect data with X-ray emission observations, is now a well-known probe of cosmology. Using a combination of SZ data and a map of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Asantha Cooray

Many researchers have performed cosmological-model-independent tests for the distance duality (DD) relation. Theoretical work has been conducted based on the results of these tests. However, we find that almost all of these tests were…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-25 Xi Yang , Hao-Ran Yu , Zhi-Song Zhang , Tong-Jie Zhang

Under certain general conditions in an expanding universe, the luminosity distance (d_L) and angular diameter distance (d_A) are connected by the Etherington relation as d_L = d_A (1 + z)^2. The Tolman test suggests the use of objects of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Satej Khedekar , Sayan Chakraborti

In this paper we analyse the implications of the latest cosmological data sets to test the Etherington's distance duality relation (DDR), which connects the luminosity distance $D_L$ and angular diameter distance $D_A$ at the same redshift.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-21 Jing-Zhao Qi , Shuo Cao , Chenfa Zheng , Yu Pan , Zejun Li , Jin Li , Tonghua Liu

In this paper, we test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), as required by the Etherington reciprocity theorem, which connects the angular diameter distance and the luminosity distance via the relation \( D_{\rm L}(z) = D_{\rm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Qiumin Wang , Shuo Cao , Jianyong Jiang , Kaituo Zhang , Xinyue Jiang , Tonghua Liu , Chengsheng Mu , Dadian Cheng

One of the keys to understanding the universe is the proper measurement of the relation between the luminosity distance $d_L$ and the angular diameter distance $d_A$. In 1933 Etherington deduced from general relativity the reciprocity…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-04 Juan De Vicente