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High-precision cosmological probes have revealed a small but significant tension between the parameters measured with different techniques, among which there is one based on time delays in gravitational lenses. We discuss a new way of using…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-18 O. Wucknitz , L. G. Spitler , U. -L. Pen

The results of VLBI total intensity (I) and linear polarization (P) observations at 6cm are presented for ten radio bright BL Lacertae objects. These images complete first-epoch polarization observations for the 1-Jy sample of northern BL…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. C. Gabuzda , A. B. Pushkarev , T. V. Cawthorne

We present a new technique for obtaining model fittings to VLBI images of astrophysical jets. The method minimizes a performance function proportional to the sum of the squared difference between the model and observed images. The model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Anderson Caproni , Hektor Monteiro , Zulema Abraham , Danilo. M. Teixeira , Rafael T. Toffoli

Black hole imaging challenges the 3rd generation space VLBI, the Very Long Baseline Interferometry, to operate on a 500 GHz band. The coherent integration time needed here is 450 s though the available space oscillators cannot offer more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-20 V. Kudriashov , M. Martin-Neira , E. Lia , J. Michalski , P. Kant , D. Trofimowicz , M. Belloni , P. Jankovic , P. Waller , M. Brandt

We propose a probabilistic framework for performing simultaneous estimation of source structure and fringe-fitting parameters in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. As a first step, we demonstrate this technique through…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Iniyan Natarajan , Roger Deane , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Des Small , Mark Kettenis , Zsolt Paragi , Oleg Smirnov , Arpad Szomoru

(abridged) Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86$\,$GHz (wavelength, $\lambda = 3\,$mm) reach a resolution of about 50 $\mu$as, probing the collimation and acceleration regions of relativistic outflows in active…

VLBI astrometry allows coordinates of celestial radio sources to be determined with submilliarcsecond accuracy. In particular, with differential VLBI astrometry, the standard errors of relative positions and proper motions can be as small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Norbert Bartel

The origin of late-time radio flares in tidal disruption events remains unclear. In particular, the peculiar radio flare observed in AT2018hyz has motivated two leading scenarios: a delayed outflow launched $\sim1000\,\rm days$ after…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-29 Tatsuya Matsumoto

Observing the dynamics of compact astrophysical objects provides insights into their inner workings, thereby probing physics under extreme conditions. The immediate vicinity of an active supermassive black hole with its event horizon,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-07 Philipp Arras , Philipp Frank , Philipp Haim , Jakob Knollmüller , Reimar Leike , Martin Reinecke , Torsten Enßlin

In this paper, we study the well-posedness and approximate controllability of a class of network systems having delays and controls at the boundary conditions. The particularity of this work is that the network system is defined on infinite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Y. El Gantouh , S. Hadd , A. Rhandi

Interferometry is one of the central organizing principles of optics. Key to interferometry is the concept of optical delay, which facilitates spectral analysis in terms of time-harmonics. In contrast, when analyzing a beam in a Hilbert…

Astrometry at centimeter wavelengths using Very Long Baseline Interferometry is approaching accuracies of ~1 uas for the angle between a target and a calibrator source separated by <1 degree on the sky. The BeSSeL Survey and the Japanese…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-13 Mark J. Reid

Using millimeter-very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 from August 2008 to September 2013, we investigate variations in the core flux density and orientation of the sub-parsec scale jet i.e.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-11 B. Rani , T. P. Krichbaum , A. P. Marscher , S. G. Jorstad , J. A. Hodgson , L. Fuhrmann , J. A. Zensus

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) achieves the highest angular resolution in astronomy. VLBI measures corrupted Fourier components, known as visibilities. Reconstructing on-sky images from these visibilities is a challenging inverse…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-25 Paul Tiede , William Moses , Valentin Churavy , Michael D. Johnson , Dominic Pesce , Lindy Blackburn , Peter Galison

We launched the VLBI Ecliptic Plane Survey program in 2015. The goal of this program is to find all compact sources within 7.5 degrees of the ecliptic plane which are suitable as phase calibrators for anticipated phase referencing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-27 Fengchun Shu , Leonid Petrov , Wu Jiang , Jamie McCallum , Sang-oh Yi , Kazuhiro Takefuji , Jinling Li , Jim Lovell

Modelling of deep VLA images of the jets in FR I radio galaxies has allowed us to derive their three-dimensional distributions of velocity, emissivity and magnetic-field structure on kiloparsec scales. By combining our models of jet…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. A. Laing

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA relies on a form of synthetic interferometry (time-delay interferometry, or TDI) where the otherwise overwhelming laser phase noise is canceled by linear combinations of appropriately…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-28 Michele Vallisneri , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

Obtaining pulsar parallaxes via relative astrometry (also known as differential astrometry) yields distances and transverse velocities that can be used to probe properties of the pulsar population and the interstellar medium. Large programs…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-13 A. T. Deller , W. F. Brisken , S. Chatterjee , J. M. Cordes , W. M. Goss , G. H. Janssen , Y. Y. Kovalev , T. J. W. Lazio , L. Petrov , B. W. Stappers

Using a new general approach to limits in optical structures that counts orthogonal waves generated by scattering, we derive an upper limit to the number of bits of delay possible in one-dimensional slow light structures that are based on…

Optics · Physics 2013-02-08 David A. B. Miller