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When comparing modern fundamental reference frames in the radio (International Celestial Reference Frame) and optical (Gaia), a couple of bright radio reference sources appear to have very large radio-optical offsets, from tens up to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-14 S. Frey , O. Titov , A. Melnikov , S. Lambert

In this document we layout a new method to achieve "bona fide" high precision Very-Long-Baseline-Interferometry (VLBI) astrometric measurements of frequency-dependent positions of celestial sources (even) in the high (mm-wavelength)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-08 Richard Dodson , Maria J. Rioja

The past decade has seen significant advances in wide-field cm-wave very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which is timely given the wide-area, synoptic survey-driven strategy of major facilities across the electromagnetic spectrum.…

We have assessed accuracy of estimates of Earth orientation parameters (EOP) determined from several very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observing programs that ran concurrently at different networks. We consider that the root mean…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Leonid Petrov , Christian Ploetz , Matthias Schartner

Precision astrometry is an integral component of successful pulsar timing campaigns. Astrometric parameters are commonly derived by fitting them as parameters of a timing model to a series of pulse times of arrival (TOAs). TOAs measured to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-12-12 D. R. Madison , S. Chatterjee , J. M. Cordes

The infinite Viterbi alignment is the limiting maximum a-posteriori estimate of the unobserved path in a hidden Markov model as the length of the time horizon grows. For models on state-space $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ satisfying a new…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Nick Whiteley , Matt W. Jones , Aleks P. F. Domanski

Very long baseline radio interferometry (VLBI) with ground-based observatories is limited by the size of Earth, the geographic distribution of antennas, and the transparency of the atmosphere. In this whitepaper, we present Capella, a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-28 Sascha Trippe , Taehyun Jung , Jung-Won Lee , Jan Wagner , Jeong-Yeol Han , Wonseok Kang , Jae-Hyun Kyeong , Junghwan Oh , Jae-Young Kim , Jongho Park , Jeffrey A. Hodgson

Radio observations with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) provide the highest resolution in astronomy. Combining earth-bound with space-based telescopes and advancing the observations to mm-wavelengths increases the resolution even…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. A. Zensus , T. P. Krichbaum , S. Britzen

Context: To investigate the differences between positions, as determined by optical (direct imaging) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) techniques, of extragalactic sources listed in the second realization of the International…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 J. I. B. Camargo , A. H. Andrei , M. Assafin , R. Vieira-Martins , D. N. da Silva Neto

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a data processing technique for space-based gravitational-wave detectors to create laser-noise-free equal-optical-path-length interferometers virtually on the ground. It relies on the interspacecraft…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-14 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Philipp Euringer , Olaf Hartwig , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Gerhard Heinzel , Kohei Yamamoto

VLTI/AMBER and VLTI/PIONIER observations of the LBV HR Car show an interferometric signature that could not possibly be explained by an extended wind, more or less symmetrically distributed around a single object. Instead, observations both…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Th. Rivinius , H. M. J. Boffin , W. J. de Wit , A. Mehner , Ch. Martayan , S. Guieu , J. -B. Le Bouquin

At sufficiently low frequencies, no ground-based radio array will be able to produce high resolution images while looking through the ionosphere. A space-based array will be needed to explore the objects and processes which dominate the sky…

Adding VLBI capability to the SKA arrays will greatly broaden the science of the SKA, and is feasible within the current specifications. SKA-VLBI can be initially implemented by providing phased-array outputs for SKA1-MID and SKA1-SUR and…

In this paper we introduce a software package, the Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network SIMulator (VNSIM), which provides an integrated platform assisting radio astronomers to design the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-11 Zhen Zhao , Tao An , Baoqiang Lao

We present the results of a multi-frequency study of the structural evolution of the VLBI jet in the BL Lac object 0716+714 over the last 10 years. We show VLBI images obtained at 5 GHz, 8.4 GHz, 15 GHz and 22 GHz. The milliarcsecond source…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 U. Bach , T. P. Krichbaum , E. Ros , S. Britzen , W. W. Tian , A. Kraus , A. Witzel , J. A. Zensus

Summarizes current status of radio interferometry at radio frequencies between Earth-based receivers, for astrometric and geodetic applications. Emphasizes theoretical models of VLBI observables that are required to extract results at the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ojars J. Sovers , John L. Fanselow , Christopher S. Jacobs

The Hubble constant value is currently known to 10% accuracy unless assumptions are made for the cosmology (Sandage et al. 2006). Gravitational lens systems provide another probe of the Hubble constant using time delay measurements.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-01 G. Gürkan , N. Jackson , I. W. A. Browne , L. V. E. Koopmans , C. D. Fassnacht , A. Berciano Alba

With the exceptional progress e-VLBI has achieved over the last three years, the VLBI of the future has already started. At least for the EVN, it is argued that at some point all VLBI operations should be done in e-VLBI mode. This ambition…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-16 Huib van Langevelde

One major goal in fast radio burst science is to detect fast radio bursts (FRBs) over a wide field of view without sacrificing the angular resolution required to pinpoint them to their host galaxies. Wide-field detection and localization…

We describe a model that accounts for the phase rotation that occurs when a receiver or transmitter changes orientation while observing or emitting circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. This model extends work detailing Global…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Joe Skeens , Johnathan York , Leonid Petrov , Kyle Herrity , Richard Ji-Cathriner , Srinivas Bettadpur