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Given a graph $G$ and two independent sets of same size, the Independent Set Reconfiguration Problem under token sliding ask whether one can, in a step by step manner, transform the first independent set into the second one. In each step we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jona Dirks , Alexandre Vigny

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ and let $k\in\{1,\ldots,n-1\}$. The $k$-token graph $F_k(G)$ of $G$, is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of $V(G)$, where two vertices are adjacent in $F_k(G)$ whenever their symmetric difference…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Hernan de Alba , Walter Carballosa , Jesús Leaños , Luis Manuel Rivera

Given a graph $G$, the $k$-dominating graph of $G$, $D_k(G)$, is defined to be the graph whose vertices correspond to the dominating sets of $G$ that have cardinality at most $k$. Two vertices in $D_k(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-04 Ruth Haas , Karen Seyffarth

For a graph $G$ and partition $\mathcal{U}$ of its vertex set, an independent transversal of $(G, \mathcal{U})$ is an independent set of $G$ that contains one vertex from each block of $\mathcal{U}$. Buys, Kang, and Ozeki studied when a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Ronen Wdowinski

Traditionally, reconfiguration problems ask the question whether a given solution of an optimization problem can be transformed to a target solution in a sequence of small steps that preserve feasibility of the intermediate solutions. In…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Mark de Berg , Bart M. P. Jansen , Debankur Mukherjee

Given a graph $G$ and two independent sets $I_s$ and $I_t$ of size $k$, the independent set reconfiguration problem asks whether there exists a sequence of $k$-sized independent sets $I_s = I_0, I_1, I_2, \ldots, I_\ell = I_t$ such that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Valentin Bartier , Nicolas Bousquet , Amer E. Mouawad

For a graph $G$ and integer $k\geq1$, we define the token graph $F_k(G)$ to be the graph with vertex set all $k$-subsets of $V(G)$, where two vertices are adjacent in $F_k(G)$ whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent…

A $k$-colouring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of at most $k$ colours to the vertices of $G$ so that adjacent vertices are assigned different colours. The reconfiguration graph of the $k$-colourings, $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$, is the graph whose…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Therese Biedl , Anna Lubiw , Owen Merkel

The independent set reconfiguration problem asks whether one can transform one given independent set of a graph into another, by changing vertices one by one in such a way the intermediate sets remain independent. Extremal problems on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-06 Nicolas Bousquet , Bastien Durain , Théo Pierron , Stéphan Thomassé

We introduce a new model of indeterminacy in graphs: instead of specifying all the edges of the graph, the input contains all triples of vertices that form a connected subgraph. In general, different (labelled) graphs may have the same set…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Paul Bastide , Linda Cook , Jeff Erickson , Carla Groenland , Marc van Kreveld , Isja Mannens , Jordi L. Vermeulen

Let $S$ be an independent set of a simple undirected graph $G$. Suppose that each vertex of $S$ has a token placed on it. The tokens are allowed to be moved, one at a time, by sliding along the edges of $G$, so that after each move, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mathew C. Francis , Veena Prabhakaran

The reconfiguration graph for the $k$-colourings of a graph $G$, denoted $R_{k}(G)$, is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-colourings of $G$ and two colourings are joined by an edge if they differ in colour on exactly one vertex. For any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Carl Feghali , Owen Merkel

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem is the computational problem of finding a permutation of vertices of a given graph $G_1$ that transforms $G_1$ to another given graph $G_2$ and preserves the adjacency. In this work, we propose a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Xi Li , Hanwu Chen

We show that the number of independent sets in cocomparability graphs can be counted in linear time, as can counting cliques in comparability graphs. By contrast, counting cliques in cocomparabilty graphs and counting independent sets in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Martin Dyer , Haiko Müller

The reconfiguration graph of the $k$-colourings, denoted $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$, is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-colourings of $G$ and two colourings are adjacent in $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$ if they differ in colour on exactly one vertex. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Manoj Belavadi , Kathie Cameron , Owen Merkel

We present two new combinatorial tools for the design of parameterized algorithms. The first is a simple linear time randomized algorithm that given as input a $d$-degenerate graph $G$ and an integer $k$, outputs an independent set $Y$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Daniel Lokshtanov , Fahad Panolan , Saket Saurabh , Roohani Sharma , Meirav Zehavi

A theorem of Ding, Oporowski, Oxley, and Vertigan implies that any sufficiently large twin-free graph contains a large matching, a co-matching, or a half-graph as a semi-induced subgraph. The sizes of these unavoidable patterns are measured…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jan Dreier , Nikolas Mählmann , Sebastian Siebertz

Given a graph $G$ and an integer $k$, a token addition and removal ({\sf TAR} for short) reconfiguration sequence between two dominating sets $D_{\sf s}$ and $D_{\sf t}$ of size at most $k$ is a sequence $S= \langle D_0 = D_{\sf s}, D_1…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Nicolas Bousquet , Alice Joffard , Paul Ouvrard

Assume we are given a graph $G$, two independent sets $S$ and $T$ in $G$ of size $k \geq 1$, and a positive integer $\ell \geq 1$. The goal is to decide whether there exists a sequence $\langle I_0, I_1, ..., I_\ell \rangle$ of independent…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Akanksha Agrawal , Soumita Hait , Amer E. Mouawad

For any positive integer $k$, the reconfiguration graph for all $k$-colorings of a graph $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{R}_k(G)$, is the graph where vertices represent the $k$-colorings of $G$, and two $k$-colorings are joined by an edge if they…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Hui Lei , Yulai Ma , Zhengke Miao , Yongtang Shi , Susu Wang